98 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



enough. The last application was made about August 10th. The 

 following copper solutions are recommended : 



1. Dissolve, in a wooden vessel, three ounces of carbonate of 

 copper in one quart of ammonia water 20° and dilute with water to 

 thirty-two gallons. 



2. Dissolve two pounds copper sulphate in hot water, and in 

 another vessel dissolve one and one-half pounds bicarbonate of soda ; 

 mix the two, and when cool add one and one-half pounds ammonia 

 water 20°. Dilute to thirty-two gallons with water before using. 



REMARKS. 



The ammonia of commerce varies in strength. Usually that 

 kept at drug stores is either 20° Baume or 26° Baume. If the former 

 is purchased then follow the above recipes, but if 26° strong is used 

 then add one-third more water. 



DIRECTIONS FOR SPRAYING. 



The first application should be made when the buds begin to swell, 

 or as soon thereafter as possible. Apply the ammoniacal carbonate 

 of copper solution with any good force pump, one to three gallons 

 to the tree, according to size, being careful to cover the branches 

 evenly and thoroughly. The Nixon nozzle is the best for this 

 work, though any nozzle that will give an even, fine spray, will do. 

 The second apphcation should be made when the apples are about 

 the size of peas or larger, and if it is desired to spray for codling 

 moths at the same time without extra labor, add one ounce of Lon- 

 don purple to every twelve and one-half gallons of the ammoniacal 

 carbonate of copper solution, and apply as stated above. A third 

 application should be made two or three weeks later, and a fourth 

 about August 1st to 10th. The cost of material for four applica- 

 tions need not exceed ten cents per tree. The copper carbonate, in 

 twenty-pound lots, can be purchased from Eimer & Amend, 205-11 

 Third Avenue, New York, for fifty cents per pound, and ammonia 

 by the carboy, eighty pounds, twenty-six degrees strength, for nine 

 cents per pound. The material could be ordered direct, or through 

 a local druggist, at a small advance in price The labor required 

 will vary with the kind of spraying apparatus used : ten minutes to 

 the tree with a small pump, while with a larger pump the time could 

 be reduced to five minutes. For a large orchard it pays to buy the 

 best apparatus. Below is given a table showing the results of 

 experiments conducted by Profs. Goff and Taft in 1889. 



