100 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



disease. These summer spores ma}' live over winter under some 

 conditions, but the plant also develops winter spores (ascispores) 

 in sacs called perithecia. This disease has been quite troublesome 

 to nursery stock in some parts of the country. It also is known to 

 affect the plum, peach, cherry, sugar pear and other related plants. 

 It is particularl}' bad on small trees in the nursery The disease 

 occurs sparingly in Maine. 



REMEDIES. 



Prof. Galloway has tried spraying the trees in the nursery row,, 

 with a solution of six ounces carbonate of copper and one-half 

 gallon of ammonia water in twenty-two gallons of water. The cost 

 for material and labor of applying it did not exceed two cents for 

 1000 trees. The results were satisfactory. 



BITTER-ROT OF APPLES — GLEOSPORIUM VERSICOLOR, B. & C. 



This disease is widely distributed, having been reported frooj 

 many states. It seems to be worse in the southwest. We have 

 found it somewhat common in Maine. The disease first appears as 

 small, more or less circular, brownish, or blackish spots. These 

 run together rapidl}' and finally' involve the whole fruit. As the 

 disease progresses it involves the whole interior of the fruit, which 

 turns brown. The disease may develop after the fruit is stored, 

 and spread rapidly from apple to apple. The mycelium, or plant 

 body, is composed of threads that extend through the fruit. On 

 the diseased spots are darker portions composed of slightly raised 

 black points, sometimes grouped in clusters, or arranged in circles. 

 These black specks are the external appearance of the organs of 

 reproduction. They have small holes at the top, leading to recep- 

 tacles, which contain the spores. The fungus lives over winter in 

 decayed fruit. 



REMEDIES. 



Destroy all rotten apples. Do not throw them on the ground. 

 Be careful not to store any apples showing the disease, as it will 

 spread to the healthy fruit. 



Sort apples frequently during the winter and remove anj' that 

 show even the least evidence of the disease. 



Spraying, with a solution of sulphuret of potassium, has been 

 tried and promises well. It is probable that the copper compounds- 

 used for apple scab would also hold in check this fungus. 



