102 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



REMEDIES. 



The parasite works inside the bark and is beyond the reach of 

 external applications. Being perpetuated outside the tree in organic 

 matter, the entire removal of the cause is impossible. The following 

 remedies, though helpful, can not be wholl}' satisfactory : 



1. Cut and burn the blighted twigs. 



2. Keep the ground under the trees free from decaying organic 

 matter. 



3. Do not cultivate, or till earh\ This will shorten the period 

 of growth and insure the earlj- formation of a dense bark. 



4. Plant on soil ; light colored, deep, and porous, and not liable to 

 become overheated. 



5. Plant buckwheat, clover or grass, to shade the ground and keep 

 it cool. This growth would probably prevent the germs formed in 

 organic matter on the ground, being carried to the trees. 



6. Protect the trunks from sun scalds by low heads and inclining 

 the trees to the southwest. 



7. Avoid injuries to the trees. 



8. Plant varieties least subject to blight. 



PEAR LEAF-BLIGHT — ENTOMOSPORIUM MACULATUM, LEV. 



This disease is so bad in some localities, that nurserymen have 

 abandoned raising pear seedlings on account of it. It is due to a 

 minute fungus which is composed of small colorless threads, that 

 grow between and through the cells of the leaves destroying them 

 and feeding upon their fcubstance. The fungus first appears a& 

 small more or less circular brownish spots which soon run together 

 causing the whole leaf to turn brown and drop. While the leaves 

 still hang, a close examination will reveal numerous small black 

 specks on the brown patches. These are the reproductive bodies of 

 the fungus. These contain the spores, which are liberated by the 

 rupturing of the epidermis of the leaf. Under favorable conditions 

 of heat and moisture, the spores grow and bore their way into the 

 tissues of other leaves. Spores formed in the fall live over winter 

 in the fallen leaves and perpetuate the disease. 



REMEDIES. 



Prof. Galloway has tried spraying pear seedlings in the row with 

 Bordeaux mixture, prepared as follows : 



