204 FLOWERS OF THE SEA-COAST 



A beetle, Haltica tamaricis, a moth, Gelechia hippophaella, three 

 Homoptera, Cixius stigmaticiis, C. remotus, Psylla hippophacs, are found 

 upon it. A Hawk Moth, with large orange caterpillars, feeds on it, 

 resembling the yellow fruits. 



Hippophac, Dioscorides, is from the Greek hippos, horse, phao, 

 shine; rhamnoides means buckthorn-like. 



The plant is called Sea Buckthorn, Sallow Thorn, Willow-thorn, 

 Wirwivvle, Wyrvivle. 



ESSENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: 



273. Hippophae rhamnoides, L. Dioecious shrub, spinose, leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, silvery, male flowers in catkins, female solitary, berries 

 scarlet. 



Common Sea Rush (Juncus maritimus, Lam.) 



Few of the maritime species are preserved in seed-bearing beds, 

 partly because no sections present themselves, and partly because the 

 sea line in still earlier times was different, England being joined to 

 the Continent, and most of the maritime species are of more recent 

 date. The Common Sea Rush is no exception to this rule. This plant 

 ranges in the N. Temperate Zone from Gothland to Turkey, N. Africa, 

 W. Siberia, North America. In Great Britain it is absent in N. Wales 

 from Merioneth, Carnarvon, in the Trent province from S. Lines, in 

 the H umber province from S.E. Yorks, not occurring in Cumberland 

 in the Lakes province, the coasts of Berwick, Haddington, Edinburgh, 

 Forfar, Aberdeen, Banff, Main Argyll, Mid Ebucles, and not in the 

 N. Highlands or N. Isles. Elsewhere it is general around the coast 

 from Islay and Elgin to the English Channel. It is common in 

 Ireland. 



The Common Sea Rush is familiar to all dwellers by the sea-coast, 

 being a regular member of the Salt-marsh formation, where it forms a 

 continuous fringe, as it does along the sea-coast itself. It grows with 

 other Rushes, Sedges, and Grasses, helping in places to protect the 

 coast from incursions of the sea. 



Owing to its deeply -rooted character forming a densely- matted 

 entanglement in which sand is retained, it is used as a coast protector 

 in Europe and America. The first Latin name refers to the use made 

 of Rushes as ropes, on account of their stringy nature. The stem 

 is wiry, erect, slender, with pale sheaths. The leaves are rounded and 

 acute. 



The flowers are pale, apetalous, without a corolla, in a loose 

 cyme which is terminal, and proliferous. The involucre consists of 



