io FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 



over in a drooping position at night and when rain falls. This protects 

 the pollen or the honey in all such drooping flowers. 



The sepals do duty for the petals. The stigmas are covered up in 

 bud, and the stamens lie over them, but when the flowers open both 

 are mature, and insects can touch either. They alight in the centre or 

 on the sepals, and may touch anthers or stigma first, causing self- or 

 cross-pollination. The drooping character of the flower also causes 

 pollen to fall on the stigma. 



Bees pierce the base of the flower and lick the pollen. The visitors 

 are Hymenoptera of the genera Halictiis, Osmia, Apis; Diptera, 

 Scatophaga\ Coleoptera, Meligethes. 



The Wind Flower has the achenes dispersed by the wind, by the 

 hairs, or by processes developed as a long awn or appendage, but not 

 feathery, as in the Pasque Flower, to aid in dispersal by the wind. 



The Wild Anemone, which dwells in woods, is fond of humus, 

 requiring a humus soil which is partly peat, partly humus. It is not 

 addicted to a lime soil as a rule. 



A fungus, Urocystis anemones, forms irregular swellings on the 

 stems and midribs of the leaves. Puccinia fusca also forms small 

 blackish pustules on the leaves. The Anemone Sclerotinia, Sclero- 

 tinia tiiberosa, Plasmopora pygm(?a> and dELcidium leucospermum also 

 infest it. 



The Scarlet Tiger, Callimorpha dominula and Adela degeerella 

 are moths that feed on it. 



Anemone was the name given it by Dioscorides, from the Greek 

 anemos, wind, and the Latin nemorosa means "of the woodland". The 

 English names in vogue are Bow Bells, Cowslip, Wood Crowfoot, 

 Cuckoo-flower, Cuckoo-spit, Darn-grass, Drops of Snow, Enemy, 

 Granny's Nightcap, Wild Jessamine, Moonflower, Neminies, Smell 

 Foxes, Smell Smock, Soldiers, Undergrounds, Wind Flower. 



" Doon i' the wild enemies." 



TENNYSON, Northern Farmer (Old Style). 



The plant is called Darn-grass in Scotland because it is said to 

 give rise to a disease called Darn or black water, causing dysentery 

 among cattle, a notion also held in Sweden. 



Their fragile blossoms were said to give shelter to fairies in wet 

 weather, closing up. In Greece Anemones were used as garlands. 

 The Chinese planted them over their graves. 



" The winds forbid the flowers to flourish long, 

 Which owe to winds their name in Grecian song." 



