26 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 



honey. The scent is strongest at a distance of 30 yd., as in the case 

 of the Vine, and the flowers are much visited therefore by bees 

 though the flowers are not conspicuous for the abundant honey 

 which is held in the sepals at the base, and short-lipped insects can 

 reach it. The flowers are drooping and thus protected from the 

 rain, and the leaves above and the bract-like appendage also shelter 

 them above. The stamens are numerous, and before the stigma is 

 mature they shed their pollen, so that the flower cannot pollinate 

 itself. It is proterandrous, the anthers ripening first. The stamens 

 are taller than the sepals or petals, and curve outwards. Insects 

 are bound to settle on the space between the anthers and stigmas, 

 or on either of them. The stamens are bent out, away from the 

 pistil, which occupies the axis, and self-pollination is precluded. The 

 seed rarely ripens, it is said, in Britain, but it does so more than 

 is generally supposed. 



The visitors are Hymenoptera (Apidae, Sphegidae) and Diptera 

 (Syrphidae, Muscidae, Tabanidae). 



The Lime is adapted to wind dispersal like most trees; the stalk 

 bearing the cluster of nuts, which hang down below a wide scale-like 

 bract or leaflike organ, acts as a sort of aeroplane, and carries the 

 seeds to a distance, the fruit not opening. 



This tree is a sand-lover or rock-lover, requiring a sand or rock soil. 



The Lime is infested by many fungi. 



A common fungus is Polyporus sulpkureus. Eriophyes tilia forms 

 nail-like outgrowths on the leaves. Cecidomyia tilicola forms galls in 

 the flower-stalks. Fungi of the genera Nectria, Psilocybe, Hypholoma, 

 Flamnmla, Pleurotus, Collybia, Gleosporium, and Exosporium infest it 

 also. The beetles Rhyme kites betuleti, Dorcus parallelepipedus, the 

 Hymenopterous Eriocampa, the Lepidoptera Camberwell Beauty 

 (Vanessa antiopa], Lime Hawk-moth (Smerinthus tilice}, Pale Promi- 

 nent (Notodonta palpina], Marvel du Jour (Miselia aprilimis}, the 

 Hemipterous Phytocoris tilitz, the Homoptera Pterocolus tilice, As- 

 pidiotus tilif?, and the Diptera Cecidoviyia tilic?, Sciura tilicola are 

 found on the Lime. 



Tiha, Pliny, is the Latin for lime tree, and vulgaris denotes its 

 universal occurrence. Lime is a variant of the old English lind, which 

 is a Teutonic root. The Lime is called Lenten, Lime Tree, Lin, 

 Linde, Line, Teili, Til, Tile or Tilet Tree, or Tillet or Tillet-tree, 

 White Wood. 



" ' Now tell me thy name, good fellow,' said he, 

 Under the leaves of lyne." 



