42 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 



May to June are the months when its flowers are at their best. 

 It is a perennial, deciduous tree, propagated by seeds. 



When the flower opens, the stamens are not ripe. The outer are at 

 first erect, the inner bend inwards, so that the anthers are below the 

 stigmas, which are mature, and project in the centre of the flower. 

 The anthers opening inwards are covered with pollen. The inner ones 

 are bent down, when it is cold, below the stigmas. Even after they 

 open, the outer ones stand above the stigmas incurved toward them. 

 When there are no insects to visit them self-pollination takes place. 

 The stamens are inclined away in warm sunshine from the stigmas, 

 and the honey-ring is visible between and protected by hairs issuing 

 from the base of the style. Insects dipping into the flower for honey 

 touch the stamens and stigmas with the opposite sides of their heads. 

 The small flowers are conspicuous because they are close, and honey 

 is abundant and concealed at the base of the flower. The Rowan is 

 visited by Apis, Andrena, Halictus, Helopliilus, Eristalis, Rhingia, 

 Echinomyia, Onesia, Scatophaga, Sepsis, Myopa, Dilopha, Epurtea, 

 Meligethes, Byturiis, Attagenus, Agriotes, Dilophus, Corymbites, Li- 

 monius, Cetonia, Melolontka, Malachius, Anespis, Microzoum, Phyl- 

 lobius, Clytus, Adimonia. 



The fruit is dispersed by animal agency, being a fleshy pome, 

 scarlet when ripe, and readily eaten and dispersed by birds. 



The Mountain Ash grows on rocky ground, being a rock-loving 

 species and addicted to a rock soil, growing on soils derived from 

 various formations, chiefly sand or older rocks. 



One stage of Gymnosporangiwn juniperinum grows on this plant, 

 the second on the juniper. 



Leaves are galled by Eriophyes aucuparia. The following fungi, 

 Tympanis conspersa van mali, Sclerotinia fructigena, Gymnosporangiwn 

 c lav arife forme, Pleurotus atroc&rulius, Coryneum beyerinckii, also 

 infest it. 



The beetles Phyllobius maculicornis, Apion sorbi, Ptinella denti- 

 collis, Epur&a florea, Byturus tomentosus, Phytodeda pallida, the 

 Hymenoptera Crassus septentrionalis, Trichiosmia scolleri, and the 

 Lepidoptera Hedya ocellana, Nepticiila oxyacanthella, Semioscopis 

 steinkelleriana, Gelechia leucatella, Argyresthia conjugella, A, sorbi- 

 ella, Ornix scoticella feed upon it. 



The second Latin name is from aitceps, a fowler. Rowan is from 

 the Norse raun. 



This plant is called Mountain Ash, Wild Ash, Caers, Care, Cock- 

 drunks, Dogberry, Field Ash, Fowler's Service, Witch Hazel, Hen- 



