100 



FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 



at the end of a thin branch it is also blown to a distance by the 

 wind. 



The Oak is more or less confined to the hillier stony tracts of 

 the country where it is native, and is partly a rock plant, partly a sand- 

 loving plant, always growing, however, in a soil rich in humus, and 

 most often on clay or loam. 



The Dryad Fungus, Polyporus dryadeus, forms large brackets, 



OAK (Quercus Robur, L.) 



Photo. H. Irving 



sometimes a foot or more across, on the bark, and Fistulina hepatica, 

 the " beefsteak fungus ", is also common on it. 



Neuroterus lenticularis forms the "spangle gall", Teras terminalis 

 the " oak apple ", and some 50 other galls are formed upon it. The 

 fungi attacking bark or leaves are numerous, belonging to the genera 

 Diaporthe, Sphtzrulina, Rosellinia, Dich&na, Sclerotinia, Bulgaria, 

 Uredo, Lenzites, Hypholoma, P ho Hot a, Collybia, D(?dalea, Fomes, 

 Polyporus, Fistulina, Hydnum, Corticium, Stereum, Tremella, &c. 



Many insects find a livelihood upon the Oak, such as Lucanus 

 cerviis, Pseudococcus acris, Prionus corarius, Attelabiis curculionides, 

 Polydrusus micans, Orchestes quercus, Scolytus destructor, Dryocactes 

 villosus, Trypodendron domesticum, Xyleborus, Neuroterus, Spathe- 

 gaster, Aphilothrix, Andricus, Dryophanta, Biorhiza, Teras, Cynips, 



