HAWTHORN 



177 



turn up at the end. In the summer appearance it is a mass of leaves 

 and bloom, generally with a spherical crown and very compact. The 

 branches may be very erect and numerous in the centre (as seen in the 

 winter appearance), turning out at their extremities. 



The tree is generally sub-erect, leaning, with large branches, spread- 

 ing and drooping, with fine twigs. A bud and a long spine are 

 produced on the long shoots below, only a bud above. The stipules 



HAW 



on the short lateral spurs and at the bottom of the long shoots are 

 small and awl-shaped. They soon turn brown and fall, the ground 

 being covered with them in spring. The stipules on the upper part 

 are coarsely toothed, sickle-shaped, &c., small and leaflike, or are large, 

 heart-shaped, net-veined. 



The buds have spiral scales. Spines are below the buds, and these 

 latter are of five kinds: (i) long shoots with leaves separated by 

 internodes, (2) foliage- bearing dwarf shoots, (3) buds like (2) ending 

 in a flower-head, (4) long thorns, (5) short thorns. The leaves are 

 simple, arranged in spirals, petiolate. On long shoots there are large 

 green stipules, persistent and toothed; on the dwarf shoots the stipules 



VOL. III. 42 



