1 92 FLOWERS OF THE ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 



especially as in its movement it touches the anthers and the stigma 

 with the legs or abdomen only. Small insects can self-pollinate it also 

 by crawling over the flower. Self-pollination and cross-pollination 

 may occur without insects, through the stigma accidentally touching 

 the anthers of another flower. The visitors belong to T/ialycra, Meli- 

 getkes, Byturiis, Dolopius, Athous, Otiorhynchus, Strangalia, Gram- 

 moptera, Telephorus, Diptera, Empis, Hymenoptera, Pompilus. The 

 pollen is large, rounded, and 63-75 mm. across. 



DOGWOOD OR CORNEL (Corwis sanguinea, L.) 



The black fruit is edible, and the seeds are dispersed by animals 

 and birds. 



It is a humus-loving plant, growing usually in a humus soil, which 

 it obtains in the mould in woods and hedges. 



The fungi Nectria ditissima, Phyllosticta cornicola infest it, and it 

 is galled by Hormomyia corni, a fly. It is a food plant for Selenia 

 lunaria, Personia 2imbrana, Gelechia hnmeralis, Antispila Pfeifferella, 

 a Homopterous insect Typklocyba ros^, and the above gall-fly. 



Cornus, Pliny, is from the Latin cornus, name of a tree of this 

 kind, and the second Latin name, meaning bloody, refers to the red 

 colour of the stem. 



It is called Bloody Twig, Catterridge Tree, Cat Tree, Cornel 

 Timber, Dog's Berry-tree, Dog-tree, Dog Wood, Female Cornel-tree, 

 Gadrise, Gaiter-tree, Gaitre-berries, Gaten-tree, Gatten-tree, Gatter 

 Bush, Gatteridge, Houndberry Tree, Houndsberry Tree, Hound's 



