20 FLOWERS OF THE HILLS AND DRY PLACES 



Indicative of barren ground, Rest Harrow is mainly a sand plant, 

 requiring a sand soil derived from older rocks, chiefly arenaceous, or 

 stony ground derived from Precambrian or granitic rocks. 



A mildew Peronospora trifoliorum is parasitic on it. The beetles 

 Apion ononis, Psammobins porcicollis; the Lepidoptera, Oak Eggar 

 (Lasiocampa trifolii). Bordered Sallow (Heliothis marginatd], Bor- 

 dered Straw (H. peltiger], Satyr Pug (Eiipithecia satyrata), Gracil- 

 laria ononis, Pteropliora phaodactyla, P. acanthodactyhis, Grapholita 

 citrana; many Heteroptera, Therapha hyoscyami, Metacanthns punctipes, 

 Calocoris chenopodii, Orthocephalus saltator, Orthotylus ochrotrichus, 

 Dicvphus globulifer, D. anmilatus, Macrotylus solitarins, M. payklutii, 

 Hoplomachiis thunbergii, Afacrocolus hortulanus; and the Homopteron 

 Deltocephalus atriformis, infest this plant. 



Ononis, Theophrastus, is from the Greek ones, an ass (because they 

 are said especially to like it), and spinosa refers to its spiny nature. 



Rest Harrow is called Whin, Cat Whin, Finweed, Ground Furze, 

 Harrow Rest, Horse's Breath, Lady-whin, Wild Liquorice, Rassels, &c. 



This thorny plant is troublesome in cornfields, having ligneous 

 stems and thick roots. All cattle leave it, but horses eat it freely. 

 It is easily cultivated. 



ESSENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: 



76. Ononis spinosa, L. Stem erect, spinous, hairy, shrubby, leaflets 

 oblong, flowers rosy -pink, wings less than the keel, pods longer than 

 the calyx, seeds tuberculate. 



Hare's Foot Trefoil (Trifolium arvense, L.) 



Hare's Foot Trefoil is unknown in any ancient deposits in Britain. 

 A member of the flora of the North Temperate Zone it is found in 

 Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, and is introduced in America. 

 In Great Britain it is found in ninety-four of the vice-counties. It is 

 common also in Ireland and the Channel Islands. 



The occurrence of Hare's Foot Trefoil, whether wild or otherwise, 

 s an indication of dry soil. It grows in dry pastures inland, or on 

 barren stony ground, in all cases requiring a sandy subsoil. It is also 

 a common plant on waste ground, being often introduced into quarries 

 with fodder, and upon waste ground by building operations through 

 the transfer of materials by railway, &c. 



This handsome plant is tall and erect, having a silvery, downy ap- 

 earance, with a slender trefoil habit. It is branched with short, spread- 

 ng, alternate, ascending branches. There are three oblong leaflets 



