1 94 FLOWERS OF WASTE PLACES, ETC. 



the style commence, and end in a ring of longer hairs. The style 

 projects from the anther cylinder 1-2 mm. below the ring of longer 

 hairs, and the 2 stigmatic lobes are spreading. Hence pollen cannot 

 fall on the stigma, and the plant is usually cross-pollinated. The 

 visitors are Boinbus agrorum, Halictus longulus. 



The burs are provided with hooks which catch in the coats of 

 animals and are thus dispersed, the plant on recoiling shooting the 

 burs a distance. The achenes are also provided with a pappus and 

 can be dispersed by the wind. 



A sandy soil in which there is some little humus best suits Burdock, 

 which is to be found on a variety of rock soil, and may be frequently 

 met with also on a clay soil. 



A fungus, Puccinia hieracii, may be found on it, and it is galled by 

 Tephritis bardance. 



The moths Agrotis rlwniboidalis, Depressaria arenella, also the 

 Ghost Swift (Hcpia/2is humuli\ Frosted Orange (Gortyna flavago], 

 Argyrolepia badiana, Parasia lappella, Pterophorus galactodacty lus , and 

 the ilies Trypcta cornuta and Chromatomyia nigra are found upon it. 



Arctium, Dioscorides, is from the Greek arctos, bear, from the 

 coarse texture of the involucres; and the second Latin name refers to 

 the size of the heads. The plant has been used as a remedy for 

 rheumatism. 



ESSENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: 



1 68. Arctinm minus, Bernh. Stem tall, nutant, branched, leaves 

 large, cordate, stalks hollow, flowers in rounded heads, purple, in 

 raceme, on short stalks, phyllaries less than the florets. 



Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans, L.) 



This plant is found throughout the North Temperate Zone in 

 Europe, N. Africa, Siberia, and has been introduced into North 

 America. It is unknown in any early beds. In Great Britain it 

 occurs throughout the Peninsula, Channel, Thames, Anglia, and 

 Severn provinces; not in Radnor or Cardigan in S. Wales; Mont- 

 gomery or Merioneth in N. Wales; throughout the Trent, Chester, 

 H umber, Tyne, Lakes districts, except in the Isle of Man; in Lanark: 

 not in Peebles, Selkirk, or Linlithgow in E. Lowlands; in Stirling, 

 Kincardine, and Perth; Elgin, N. Ebudes, Ross, and Shetland; or from 

 Skye and Moray southward, ascending to 1600 ft. in Yorks. 



The Musk Thistle is a conspicuous denizen of waste ground, 

 rubbish heaps, growing near houses, and generally being a decided 



