1 66 FLOWERS OF ROCKS, WALLS, ETC. 



soil when it is a sand-loving plant, or a lime soil and is a lime-loving 

 plant. 



The plant is common on the Marlstone and Oolitic rocks. 



A cluster-cup fungus Pnccinia hieracii attacks the leaves, and it 

 is galled by Cccidowyia pilosclla. 



Several beetles feed on Hieracia, e.g. Olibrns liquidus, Meligethes 

 nmbrosns, J/. c.vilis, Psitothrix nobilis, Cryptocepkalus aureolus, C. 

 hypochcrridis; two Hymenoptera, Prosopis masoni, Andrena angustior\ 

 Lepidoptera, Pterophora parvidactylus, P. pilose lice, Broad -barred 

 White (Hecatera serena\ Mclit<ca cinxia, Six-spotted Burnet (Zygtrna 

 filipendula)', a Heteropterous insect, Hoplomachus thunbergii-, and a 

 fly, Pcphritis ruralis also feed on it. 



Hicraciuw, Dioscorides, is from the Greek hierax, hawk, because 

 birds of prey were said to improve their sight by its means. Pilosella, 

 Mathiolus, is a diminutive of pilosus, hairy. 



This pretty plant has been named Erswort, Fellon-herb, Ling 

 Gowlands, Mouse Ear. The name Spear Hawk is like Hawkweed, 

 of which Gerarde says: "These herbes tooke their name from a 

 Hawke, for they are reported to cleere their sight by conveying the 

 juice heere of into their eies". (See ante.} Another name for it is 

 Devil's Bit. The plant is astringent and was used medicinally in 

 former days. 



ESSENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: 



179. Hicracinm Pilosella, L. Stoloniferous, creeping, leaves hairy, 

 entire, scape i -flowered, leafless, flowerheads yellow or lemon, fruit 

 striate, pappus hairs equal, styles yellow. 



Wall Lettuce (Lactuca muralis, Gaertn.) 



There is no trace of Wall Lettuce in ancient deposits. It is found 

 in the North Temperate Zone in Europe and Western Asia. In 

 Great Britain it is found in the Peninsula, Channel, Anglia provinces, 

 except in Bedford, and Hunts in the Severn province; in S. Wales, 

 except in Radnor; in N. Wales, except in Merioneth and Mont- 

 gomery; in the Trent province; in the Mersey province, except in 

 Mid Lanes; the Humber and Tyne provinces, except in Cheviotland; 

 the Lakes province, except in the Isle of Man; in Scotland, in Ayr, 

 E. and W. Perth, Easterness, Westerness, Argyle. In England it is 

 rare ascending to 1300 ft. in Yorks. It occurs in Wicklow and Louth 

 in Ireland. 



Wall Lettuce, as implied by the name, is a mural species which 



