THE GENERA OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS 213 



Order 40. DIPSACE^E 



202. Dipsacus. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, entire; 

 floral bracts spinose, exserted, covering the head ; 

 corolla 4-5-fid; stamens 4; fruit crowned with 

 pappose calyx. 



203. Scabiosa (including- Knautia). Floral 

 bracts concealed, scale-like or o; calyx-limb 4-15 

 bristles. 



Order 41. COMPOSITE (Asteracece) 



204. Eupatorium. Flowerheads reddish-purple; 

 florets few, all tubular, funnel-shaped, bisexual; 

 phyllaries overlapping, oblong; anthers included; 

 style arms exserted ; receptacle naked. 



205. Solidago. Flowerheads with ray; florets 

 all yellow; involucral bracts overlapping; anthers 

 simple; pappus in i row, rigid; fruit round in 

 section. 



206. Bellis. Receptacle conical, naked; scape 

 i -flowered; involucral bracts in 2 rows, equal, 

 blunt; achene flattened ; pappus o. 



207. Aster. Ray florets in i row, female, ligu- 

 late ; disk florets tubular, perfect ; receptacle 

 naked, pitted; phyllaries overlapping; pappus 

 rigid, in many rows. 



208. Erigeron. Like 207, but ray florets in 

 several rows. 



209. Filago. Receptacle conical; marginal 

 scales few; flowerheads bisexual; outer florets 

 female, in several rows, outermost with a few 

 inner phyllaries; disk florets tubular, few. 



210. Antennaria. Plant dioecious as a rule; 

 receptacle flat, naked; male florets tubular; pap- 

 pus club-shaped; female florets slender; phyllaries 

 with coloured tip. 



211. Gnaphalium. Flowerheads bisexual, tubu- 

 lar; receptacle, flat, naked ; involucre hemispheri- 

 cal, with overlapping phyllaries. 



212. Inula. Ray florets female, ligulate; disk 

 florets tubular, bisexual; receptacle naked; in- 

 volucral bracts overlapping; anthers bristly below; 

 pappus simple, hair-like, rough. 



213. Pulicaria. Phyllaries in few rows, loosely 

 overlapping; anthers bristly below; pappus in 2 

 rows, with another row of short scales, rough. 



214. Xanthium. Plant monoecious; male florets: 

 with involucre of i row of free phyllaries ; recep- 

 tacle scaly; corolla funnel-shaped; anthers free; 

 female florets : 2, in beaked involucre, with hooked 

 spines; corolla and stamens o; fruit flattened. 



215. Bidens. Leaves opposite; flowerheads 

 sometimes rayed ; disk florets bisexual, tubular ; 

 receptacle flat; phyllaries in 2 rows; pappus of 

 2-5 barbed bristles. 



216. Galinsoga. Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets in i row, female, ligulate; disk florets 

 tubular, perfect; phyllaries 4-5, ciliate, in i row; 

 pappus of broad ciliate scales. 



217. Achillea. Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets female, ligulate, short; ligule broad, short; 

 disk floretstubular, perfect; phyllaries overlapping; 

 fruit flattened, winged ; pappus o. 



218. Diotis. Receptacle scaly; flowerheads 

 discoidal, all tubular, perfect; tube auricled below; 



compressed; fruit crowned with auricled tube; 

 pappus o. 



219. Anthemis. Receptacle conical, scaly; ray 

 florets female or neuter, ligulate, in i row; disk 

 florets tubular, perfect; ligule oblong; fruit round 

 in section; pappus o. 



220. Chrysanthemum. Receptacle flat or con- 

 vex, naked ; phyllaries with membranous margins; 

 fruit of disk florets not winged, of ray florets 

 slightly winged; pappus o. 



221. Matricaria. Receptacle convex or at 

 length conical, lengthening, naked; phyllaries 

 without membranous margins; fruit angular; 

 pappus o. 



222. Cotula. Plant succulent; leaves clasping; 

 flowerheads solitary, discoidal, yellow. 



223. Tanacetum. Receptacle broad, not scaly; 

 phyllaries overlapping, numerous, in many series; 

 involucre hemispherical; fruit angular. 



224. Artemisia. Receptacle narrow, not scaly; 

 phyllaries in few rows; fruit obovate, with epi- 

 gynous disk; involucre roundish. 



225. Tussilago. Flowerheads solitary on 

 scapes, with many florets; ray-florets ligulate, 

 female, in many rows; disk florets tubular, male; 

 phyllaries in i row, with membranous margins. 



226. Petasites. Plant sub-dioecious ; flower- 

 heads in raceme, numerous, pink ; outer florets 

 tubular; female florets slender, blunt, or shortly 

 ligulate, in many rows (in male flowerheads in 

 i row); male florets tubular, few and central in 

 female flowerheads, forming entire disk in male 

 flowerheads. 



227. Doronicum. Phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, 

 equal; involucre hemispherical; ray florets in i 

 row, ligulate, female; disk florets tubular, perfect; 

 no pappus in ray florets; pappus rigid. 



228. Senecio. Ray florets in i row, ligulate, 

 female, or o; disk florets tubular, perfect; phyl- 

 laries in i row, equal, with membranous edges; 

 style arms of disk florets free; pappus silky. 



229. Carlina. Outer phyllaries spinose, inner 

 coloured, spreading; florets all perfect; receptacle 

 scaly; pappus in i row, feathery. 



230. Arctium. Phyllaries with hooked points; 

 involucre globose; receptacle flat, scaly; anther 

 cells tailed; pappus short, hair-like. 



231. Carduus. Phyllaries all spinous; recep- 

 tacle scaly ; filaments free ; fruit not angled ; 

 pappus united below in a ring, deciduous, rough, 

 simple. 



232. Cirsium (Cnicus). Phyllaries all spinous; 

 filaments free; fruit flat, not angled; pappus 

 feathery. 



233. Onopordon. Phyllaries all spinous; re- 

 ceptacle honeycombed ; filaments free ; fruit 

 4-angled or ribbed, wrinkled ; pappus rough. 



234. Silybum (Mariana). Phyllaries leafy be- 

 low, with spinous points; filaments united below; 

 fruit round in section, wrinkled; pappus hair-like 

 or scaly. 



235. Saussurea. Flowers all bisexual; phyl- 

 laries not spinose; anthers bristly below; pappus 

 longer than fruit. 



236. Serratula. Phyllaries unarmed, sharp; 



