GLOSSARY 



231 



Extrorse, when anthers open outwards, away 



from the centre. 



Falcate, sickle-shaped. 



Fasciation, when several stems are abnormally 

 fused together. 



Fasciculate, clustered in bundles. 



Fastigiate, with parallel ascending branches. 



Felted, covered with a soft felt. 



Fertilization, fusion of the male gamete with the 

 egg-cell; in Angiosperms follows on pollination, 

 and is carried out by the agency of the pollen- 

 tube. 



Filament, the stalk of an anther. 



Filiform, thread-like. 



Fimbriate, with a fringe of fine teeth. 



Fistular, hollow. 



Flaccid, weak, limp. 



Flexuose, wavy. 



Flora, the aggregate constituent plants of a par- 

 ticular region. 



Floret, a small flower borne in clusters or singly. 



Flower, all the modified leaf-like processes which 

 together combine to cause the reproduction of 

 the plant, by the production of seeds from spores 

 (or pollen-grains and embryo-sacs). 



Flowering glume, the outer scale of a flower in 

 Grasses, usually bearing an awn. 



Follicle, a one-celled carpel, opening only down 

 the ventral suture, and containing numerous 

 small seeds. 



Fruit, the seed-vessel, with seeds, and protective 

 envelopes. 



Fruticose, shrubby. 



Fusiform, spindle-shaped. 



Galeate, helmet-shaped. 



Gall, an excrescence caused on stems and leaves, 

 &c., by the laying of an insect's egg within the 

 tissue, causing irritation, and producing in each 

 species a characteristic growth, rendering it 

 possible to indicate the gall insect from the gall 

 formed. 



Geotropism, a growth - curvature induced by 

 gravity. 



Germination, the growth of an embryo into a seed- 

 ling. 



Gibbous, swollen at one part or another. 



Glabrous, smooth. 



Glandular, bearing glands or slender wart-like 

 outgrowths from the surface. 



Glaucous, bluish green. 



Glumes, bracts or scales enclosing the spikelets in 

 Grasses. 



Growth-form, the result of the adaptation of 

 plants to their external conditions which pro- 

 duces a certain habit. 



Habit, the general external form of a plant in out- 

 line. 



Habitat, the natural haunt of each plant. 



Halophilous, addicted to a saline soil. 



Halophytes, plants that are confined, more or less, 

 to maritime conditions, and are used to saline 

 soil. 



Hastate, spear-shaped below. 



Haulm, the stem in Grasses. 



Helophilous, addicted to a marshy habitat. 



Herbaceous, green, succulent, without wood. 



Herbal, the old descriptive Botany, usually re- 

 stricted to curious medicinal remedies. 



Herbarium, a collection of dried plants, or the 

 place in which they are kept, or an illustrated 

 herbal. Formerly called hortus siccus. 



Hermaphrodite, when both stamens and carpels 

 are present on the same plant. 



Heterogamous, bearing two different kinds of 

 flowers of different sexes. 



Heterophyllous, bearing different types of leaves. 



Heterostyled, with styles of different length in 

 different flowers. 



Heterotrophic plants, saprophytes and parasites. 



High-moor, opposed to low-moor, a sphagnum- 

 moor. 



Hirsute, with stiffish hairs. 



Hispid, another term for hirsute. 



Humus, vegetable mould, made up of decaying 

 animal and vegetable matter. 



Hybrid, the result of crossing two different species, 

 usually allied. 



Hydrochorous, dispersed by water of the seed. 



Hydrophytes, another term for aquatic plants. 



Hygrophilous, loving moisture, but not necessarily 

 truly aquatic. 



Hypogeal, underground. 



Hypogynous, not adherent to the calyx, growing 

 from below the base of the ovary. 



Imbricate, overlapping like the tiles of a roof 



{imbrex, Latin, roof-tile). 



Incised, deeply cut, with irregular sharp teeth. 

 Incurved, curved inwards. 

 Indehiscent, of fruits not opening. 

 Inferior, when the ovary adheres to the calyx, as 



in epigynous flowers. 

 Inflexed, bent inwards. 

 Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped. 

 Insectivorous plants, those which attract, trap, 



and digest insects. 



Internode, the interval between the nodes. 

 Introrse, when the anther dehisces towards the 



centre. 



Involucel, the involucre of a secondary umbel. 

 Involucre, the whorl of bracts at the base of an 



umbel or head. 

 Involute, rolled from the back inwards. 



Keel, the two lower petals in a Leguminous 



flower. 

 Knot, the node of a Grass stem. 



Labellum, the lip or terminal segment in Orchids. 

 Laciniate, fringed with narrow segments. 

 Lacustral, addicted to a lake situation. 

 Lanceolate, lance-shaped, tapering towards the 



point. 



Lax, loose. 



Leaf -axil, angle between leaf and stem. 

 Lenticular, lens-shaped. 

 Legume, a pod, one-celled, two-valved, seeds ar- 



