GLOSSARY 



233 



Pollarding 1 , the removal of the crown of a tree 

 causing branches to sprout out. 



Pollen, the cells (microspores) contained in the 

 anther. 



Pollen-grain, a grain of pollen or microspore. 



Pollen-sac, the sporangium containing the micro- 

 spores. 



Pollen-tube, the outgrowth of the pollen -grain 

 which helps to fertilize the plant. 



Pollinium, a mass of pollen-grains adhering to- 

 gether. 



Polycarpic, seeding more than once. 



Polypetalous, with separate petals. 



Polysepalous, with several sepals not coherent. 



Pome, a fleshy false fruit with many seeds. 



Porous, when the anthers dehisce by holes. 



Prickle, a hard, sharp epidermal process not 

 woody. 



Procumbent, prostrate, lying on the ground. 



Prostrate, flat on the ground. 



Proterandrous (Protandrous), when the anthers 

 ripen and dehisce before the stigma. 



Proterogynous (Protogynous), when the stigma 

 is ripe before the anthers dehisce. 



Psammophilous, addicted to a sand-soil. 



Pubescent, with down closely pressed to the sur- 

 face. 



Pulverulent, powdery. 



Pyriform, pear-shaped. 



Raceme, a simple centripetal inflorescence with 

 stalked flowers. 



Rachis, the axis of a compound leaf or the central 

 stem of several spikelets in a Grass. 



Radical, springing from the crown of the root as 

 leaves. 



Ray, the outer circle of florets in a composite. 



Receptacle, (i) the terminal part of the floral axis; 

 (2) the flat, short axis of a flowerhead in Com- 

 posites. 



Recurved, bent back. 



Reflexed, bent back (markedly so). 



Reniform, kidney-shaped. 



Revolute, rolled back. 



Rhizome, an underground stem, with roots and 

 leafy shoots. 



Ringent, gaping, of a corolla. 



Rock formations, different geological forma- 

 tions. 



Rock-soil formations, which contribute to char- 

 acterize the different rock-soils that make up a 

 subsoil. 



Rootstock, a thick, short root like a rhizome. 



Rosette plants, plants that have short internodes 

 and close-set leaves, as the Daisy. 



Rostellum, the top of the pistil, in Orchids forming 

 a'beak or division between stamen and stigma. 



Rotate, wheel-shaped, with short tube. 



Rubble plants, developing on soil derived by the 

 disintegration of rock by atmospheric agency, 

 e.g. the chalk. 



Runcinate, with the leaf segments turned back. 



Runner, a prostrate stem rooting at intervals or 

 at the end. 



Rupestral, growing on rocks. 



Sagittate, with segments like the barb of an 



arrow. 

 Samara, an indehiscent winged fruit; as the key 



of an Ash. 

 Saprophyte, growing on dead or decaying animal 



or vegetable matter. 



Saxicolous, growing on stones, walls, &c. 

 Scabrous, rough. 

 Scape, a peduncle which is without leaves and 



radical. 



Scarious, thin, dry, semi-transparent, or not green. 

 Schizocarp, a fruit splitting up into several one- 

 seeded divisions. 

 Sclerophyllous, term applied to xerophytic bush. 



land. 



Scorpioid, when a cyme is curved like a crozier. 

 Scrub, a formation of stunted growth. 

 Secund, turned to one side. 

 Seed, the fertilized and ripened ovule. 

 Seedling, the embryo after germination. 

 Sepal, a division of the calyx. 

 Serrate, with segments like the teeth of a saw. 

 Sessile, without stalk or pedicel. 

 Setaceous, bristle-like. 



Shade-plants, plants that dislike too much light. 

 Shoot, the portions of a plant differentiated into 



stem and leaves, &c. 

 Silicule, a short pod in Cruciferae. 

 Siliqua, a long pod in Cruciferae. 

 Sinuose, undulating. 

 Sling-fruit, one which, owing to the contraction 



of certain tissues, hurls the seeds when mature 



from the fruit. 

 Sobole, a thin underground creeping stem with 



roots and buds at intervals. 

 Spadix, a succulent fleshy spike with close sessile 



flowers. 



Spathe, a large bract enclosing a spadix. 

 Spathulate, spoon-shaped. 

 Species, individuals possessing in common several 



characters suggesting a derivation from a com- 

 mon ancestor. 

 Spike, a simple elongate axis bearing sessile 



flowers. 

 Spikelet, the few flowers enclosed by glumes in 



Grasses. 



Spine, a sharp woody process or thorn. 

 Spur, a hollow expansion of the basal part of a 



sepal or petal, connected with the nectary. 

 Stamen, the male part of the flower, consisting 



of filament and anther. 

 Staminode, a sterile stamen. 

 Standard, the upper (posterior) petal in Legumi- 



nosae. 



Stigma, the pollen-receiving part of the pistil. 

 Stipule, leaf-like appendages at the base of the 



petioles, usually paired. 

 Stole, a loose procumbent stem, with buds that 



root at intervals. 

 Stoma, a ventilating pore in the epidermis, with 



surrounding guard-cells. 

 Style, the prolonged end of the ovary, bearing the 



stigma. 

 Sub-dominant, forming a less-marked feature of a 



botanical association or formation. 



