WOODS AND COPSES 



shaped, with 3 lobes radiating" from a centre, and 

 lateral leaflets, the same colour each side. The 

 leaflets are thinly hairy, and green each side, long 

 and narrow, oval or inversely egg-shaped, with 

 a long- narrow point. The panicle is long-, loose, 

 narrow, with widespreading- upper branches, over- 

 topped by the very narrow, simple, floral leaves. 

 The rachis and calyx are grey-felted. The flower- 

 stalk and sepals, which are strongly bent back, 

 have abundant white felt. The long- narrow 

 panicle and white-felted rachis, flower-stalk, and 

 sepals, and green leaves help to distinguish it. 

 The plant approaches R. amplificatus and R. 

 Colemanni. 



Rubus Salteri, Bab. The habitat of this species 

 is woods, thickets, and open rough ground, and 

 hedges. The habit is arching, prostrate, the 

 stem furrowed, ang-ular, and nearly smooth. The 

 prickles are rather widespreading, and slender. 

 The leaves are chiefly 5-lobed, with 3 lobes radiat- 

 ing from a common centre, and 2 lateral lobes, 

 with compound, deeply -cut Jeeth above. The 

 leaflets are rather overlapping-, nearly smooth 

 above, with ashy felt below, and loose, or deeply 

 cut and lobed, or closer and shallow and finely 

 pointed, the terminal one long-stalked, with a long 

 point, and entire or heart-shaped below. The 

 panicle is long-, cylindrical above, with 1-3 flowers 

 on long- stalks, widely -spreading- branches, and 

 blunt top. The long-pointed sepals embrace the 

 fruit. It flowers in July and Aug-ust, and is a her- 

 baceous shrub. The soil is siliceous, &c. The 

 species approaches R. hirtifolius, but has a less 

 hairy stem, more deeply cut leaflets, smooth, and 

 ashy-felted, a less glandular rachis and flower- 

 stalk. 



Rubus Colemanni, Babington. The habitat of 

 this species is thickets, hedges, and heaths. The 

 habit is arching, the stem having many flattened 

 prickles, and occasionally acicles and stalked 

 glands, with a very long, broad base. The leaves 

 are convex, 5-lobed, with 3 lobes radiating from 

 a centre, and 2 lateral. The leaflets are the same 

 colour each side, green and hairy on the veins 

 below. The leaf-stalks are very prickly, the ter- 

 minal leaflet is broadly inversely egg-shaped, with 

 a long narrow point, and heart-shaped. The 

 panicle is long and pyramidal. The rachis and 

 flower-stalk are very strongly armed with prickles, 

 acicles, and stalked glands. The fruiting sepals 

 are loosely turned back. The plant flowers in 

 July and August, and is a deciduous shrub. The 

 soil is siliceous, &c. The plant is close to R. affinis, 

 Wh. & N., and R. infestus, Weihe. 



Rubus Sprengelii, Weihe. The habitat of this 

 species is woods, thickets, and heaths. The habit 

 is arching, soon nearly prostrate, the stem having 

 unequal bent-back prickles, and is roundish, hairy, 

 often slightly glandular. The leaves are usually 

 3-lobed, the same colour each side. The leaflets 

 are thin, coarsely and irregularly toothed. The 

 panicle is short, loose, diffuse, with long widely- 

 spreading branches, with few flowers, long slender 

 flower-stalks, usually glandular. The rachis and 

 flower-stalks are softly felted, with few or many 



sunken glands. The petals are bright-pink. The 

 stamens are pink, not longer than the style, and 

 not united below. The loosely-branched panicle, 

 long flower-stalks, short stamens, and erect fruit- 

 ing sepals are characteristic. It flowers in June 

 and July, and is a deciduous shrub. 



Rubus orthoclados, Ley. The habitat of this 

 plant is woodlands. The habit is very high arch- 

 ing, or suberect. The stem has some nearly stalk- 

 less glands. The leaves are 3-5-lobed, with 3 

 lobes radiating from a common centre, 2 lateral, 

 the same colour each side. The panicle is weak 

 and glandular, in a raceme or corymb above. 

 The stalked glands are longer than the hairs. 

 The sepals are externally olive, with narrow white 

 margin, the points embracing the fruit. The car- 

 pels are hairy at the tip. The plant approaches 

 the last and R. hesperius. 



Rubus hypoleucns, Lefv. & Muell. = micans, 

 Gren. & Godr. The habitat of this plant is bushy 

 places and open stony ground. The habit is low- 

 arching. The stem is clothed with dense felt, or 

 close, short hair, and is slightly glandular. The 

 leaves are 3~5-lobed, with 3 lobes radiating from 

 a common centre, and 2 lateral. The leaflets are 

 greyish-green, opaque above, with ashy felt and 

 soft hair below, with compound strongly and 

 deeply cut toothing, with a long, narrow point. 

 The panicle is loose, the branches long, nearly 

 or quite widespreading, forming a corymb. The 

 rachis is wavy. The sepals are strongly bent 

 back. The whole plant is greyish. The chief 

 characters are the grey tint, close-haired and felted 

 sepals, deeply-cut leaflets, and wavy panicle rachis. 



Rubus hirtijolius, Muell. & Wirtg. The habitat 

 of this plant is bushy places, hilly districts, and it 

 is locally abundant in West England and Wales. 

 The stem is considerably hairy, rarely glandular 

 or aciculate. The leaves are 5-lobed. The prickles 

 on the panicle have a long base. The leaflets have 

 shining, close hair, and are often much wrinkled 

 above, hairy, with prominent ribs below. The 

 terminal leaflet is variable, usually egg-shaped, 

 with a narrow, long point. The panicle has a 

 long, loose, ultra-axillary top. The rachis and 

 flower- stalk are softly hairy. The petals are 

 narrow, pink, soon falling. The flowers are very 

 showy, white. The fruiting sepals are wide- 

 spreading. The fruit is oblong. The soil is 

 siliceous. It approaches R. macrophyllus and 

 R. pyramidalis, distinguished from the latter by 

 the less velvety leaves, looser, broader, less leafy 

 panicle, ascending fruiting sepals, and oblong 

 fruit. 



Rubus iricus, Rogers. The stem of this species 

 is stout, with many widespreading, white hairs. 

 The leaves are large, 5-lobed, with very long, 

 narrow stipules, fringed with hairs. The leaflets 

 are thick, leathery, with an ashy felt below 

 when young, opaque and rough above, the ter- 

 minal leaflet broadly egg-shaped, with a long, 

 narrow point, with compound teeth. The panicle 

 is blunt, stout, broad, very large, broadly cylin- 

 drical, the ultra-axillary top forming a corymb, 

 the branches stout, nearly widespreading, the 



