ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 



stem of this rose is erect, with spreading wavy 

 branches, dark -red tinged with grey. The 

 prickles are scattered. The leaflets are oval, 5-7, 

 grey both sides, with spreading hairs, doubly 

 toothed. The flowers are deep-pink, the petals 

 not as long as the calyx. The flower-stalks are 

 bristly, enlarged above. The fruit is egg-shaped. 

 The plant flowers in June. 



Hawthorn (Cratcegus monogyna, Jacq. = C. Oxy- 

 acantha, L.). The habitat of this plant is hedges, 

 thickets, and forests. The plant has the tree or 

 bush habit. The plant is spinous. It differs 

 from Cratcegus Oxyacanthoides, already described, 

 in the more deeply lobed, entire leaves, the lobes 

 lance-shaped, narrow, and long-pointed, with 

 narrower segments. The veins of the lower lobes 

 curve outwards. The flowers are in a corymb. 

 The calyx and flower-stalk are downy. The 

 flowers and fruit are not so large, and appear 

 later. There is i style, rarely 2, bent. The fruit 

 is nearly round. The plant flowers in May and 

 June, and is a deciduous tree or shrub. 



ORDER ONAGRACE^E 



Broad Smooth-leaved Willow Herb (Epiloblum 

 mon/anum, L.). The habitat is shady banks, 

 walls, cottage roofs, dry places, woods, &c. The 

 habit is the rosette habit. The rosettes are stalk- 

 less, oblong, fleshy, and the stolons may be sub- 

 terranean and autumnal. The root is blunt. The 

 stem is erect, hairless, or downy, slender. The 

 leaves are stalked or in whorls of 3, the edges and 

 veins downy, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, oblong, 

 the base rounded, toothedy opposite, hairless. 

 The buds are nodding, egg-shaped. The flowers 

 are pale -purple. The sepals are lance-shaped. 

 The lobes of the stigma are 4, short, not rolled 

 back. The capsule is finely downy. The plant is 

 6-24 in. high, flowering in June and July, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Lanceolate Willow Herb (Epilobium lanceola- 

 tum, Sebast. et Maur.). The habitat of this plant 

 is roadsides, dry stony places, garden walls, &c. 

 The habit is as in the last. The root is blunt. 

 The stolons are autumnal, the leaves in loose 

 rosettes, spreading. The stem is obscurely angled, 

 round, erect, branched, downy, the hairs short, 

 bent back. The leaves are oblong, lance-shaped, 

 opposite below, toothed, alternate, stalked, nar- 

 rowed to the base, the lower pairs limp, drooping. 

 The buds are inclined, egg-shaped. The leaf-stalk 

 ends in obscure lines running down the stem. The 

 flowers are numerous, pale-rose. The sepals are 

 broadly linear, with a long narrow point. The 

 stigma lobes are 4, short, and spreading. The 

 capsule is finely downy. The seeds are tubercled, 

 inversely egg-shaped to oblong, nearly acute 

 below. The plant is 9-24 in. high, flowering from 

 July to September, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER UMBELLIFER^E 



Corn Parsley (Carumsegetitm, Benth. and Hook, 

 fil.). The habitat of this plant is hedgebanks, 



waste places, damp calcareous fields, and near the 

 sea. The plant has the rosette habit, with radical 

 leaves. The stem is smooth, erect, branched, 

 rounded, nearly leafless above, finely furrowed, 

 solid. The lower leaves have lobes each side of a 

 common stalk, and are oblong, the leaflets nearly 

 stalkless, egg-shaped, lobed, scalloped, coarsely 

 toothed. The upper leaves are entire or divided 

 into three. The flowers are whitish, in a drooping 

 umbel, small, and irregular, the rays unequal. The 

 bracts and bracteoles are linear or awl-like. The 

 general involucre consists of 1-2 bracts. The fruit 

 ' s egg-shaped. The styles are short and erect. 

 The plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering from June to 

 September, and is a herbaceous perennial, annual, 

 or biennial. 



Hedge Honewort (Sison Aniomum, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is hedgebanks, moist places, 

 damp places on a calcareous soil. The plant is 

 similar to the last in habit, &c., but the radical 

 leaves are larger and more coarsely toothed. 

 The root is spindle-shaped. The stem is erect, 

 branched, panicled, slender, leafy, solid. The 

 radical leaves have lobes each side of a common 

 stalk, the upper are divided into narrow lobes, and 

 the leaflets are oblong, toothed, cut. The flowers 

 are small, white, in compound, irregular, terminal 

 or axillary umbels, with few, slender, unequal 

 rays. The bracts and bracteoles are 2-4, short, 

 awl-like. The petals are inversely heart-shaped, 

 with a deep notch, the point long, hooded. The 

 styles are short, bent back. The lobes of the 

 disk are thick, depressed. The plant is 2-3 ft. 

 high, flowering late in August, and is a herb- 

 aceous biennial. 



Great Burnet Saxifrage (Pimpinella magma, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is bushy waste places, 

 shady hills, and woods. The habit is erect. The 

 stem is angular, leafy, finely furrowed. The leaves 

 all have lobes each side of a common stalk, the 

 leaflets egg-shaped, toothed, cut, the terminal one 

 3-lobed, the lateral 3-lobed, broad, membranous, 

 those of the radical leaves egg-shaped, nearly 

 heart-shaped, of the stem-leaves narrower. The 

 radical leaflets are stalked. The flowers are white, 

 in a broad umbel, the outer flowers complete, the 

 inner male. The styles are longer than the ovary, 

 or as long as the fruit, which is oval. The plant is 

 1-4 ft. high, flowering in July and August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Wild Chervil (Chcerophyllum temulum, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is fields, banks, road- 

 sides, hedges, and waste places. The habit is 

 erect, the stem being swollen below each node, 

 spotted with purple, stiffly hairy, branched, 

 grooved, solid, round and rough below, the hairs 

 above bent downwards. The leaflets are egg- 

 shaped, entire, the leaves triangular, bipinnate. 

 The flowerheads are wide, with small, white 

 florets. The short, spreading styles equal the 

 fleshy disk on the top of the ovary. The fruit is 

 egg-shaped, flattened upwards. The plant is 1-3 

 ft. high, flowering between April and July (I have 

 found it in flower a late as November), and is a 

 herbaceous perennial or biennial. 



