HILLS, DRY PLACES, ETC. 



95 



Foetid Hawksbeard (Crepis faetida, L.). The 

 habitat of this species is chalky and gravelly 

 banks, chalky places, chalk downs, shingle. The 

 habit is the rosette habit. The stem is ribbed and 

 furrowed, hairy, branched from below, round. 

 The leaves are chiefly radical with lobes, turned 

 back, each side of a common stalk, deeply divided 

 to the base, the stem-leaves few, small, stalkless, 

 lance -shaped, toothed below. The flowerheads 

 are yellow, solitary, few, terminal, on long simple 

 stalks, with bracts bent inwards, thicker above. 

 The buds are drooping. The phyllaries are 

 glandular, cottony, the inner hardening; and en- 

 closing 1 the outer achenes, the outer erect or 

 spreading. The fruit is yellow to brown, the 

 beak of the outer ones shorter than the bracts, the 

 inner longer beaked. There are closely-pressed 

 hairs in the interior of the bracts. The plant has 

 a strong odour. It is 6-18 in. high, flowering 1 in 

 June and July, and is an annual or biennial and 

 herbaceous. 



Dandelion Hawkweed (Crepis taraxacifolia, 

 Thuill.). The habitat of this plant is dry banks, 

 chalky pastures, limestone districts, and cultivated 

 ground. The habit is as in the last. The stem is 

 furrowed, angular, hairy, branched above, purple 

 below. The leaves are rough, deeply divided 

 nearly to the base, the lobes turned back, chiefly 

 radical, with backwardly directed teeth, the ter- 

 minal lobe large. The stem-leaves are few, stalk- 

 less, clasping, toothed, deeply divided nearly to the 

 base. The flowerheads are yellow, purple below, 

 the outer florets striped with brown on the back. 

 The heads are cylindric to bell-shaped, on slender 

 stalks, glandular, cottony, the outer phyllaries 

 covering half the pappus, spreading, not enclosing 

 the outer fruits. The buds are erect. The fruit 

 is yellowish-brown, equally long-beaked, slender, 

 narrowing into a bristle-like beak of the same 

 length, with rough ribs. The plant is 1-3 ft. 

 high, flowering in June and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous biennial. 



Taraxacum, erythrospermum, D.C. The habitat 

 of this species is dry sandy calcareous soils. The 

 habit is much as in the type. The leaves are dull- 

 green or bluish-green, deeply divided nearly to 

 the base, the lowermost sometimes inversely egg- 

 shaped and toothed, the upper with lobes each 

 side of a common stalk, turned back, the teeth un- 

 equal, the intermediate ones smaller. The outer 

 phyllaries are lance-shaped, close-pressed or 

 spreading, the inner appendiculate below the tip 

 or swollen. The fruit is bright-red, prickly at the 

 apex, the beak having a thickened, coloured base. 



ORDER CAMPANULACE/E 



Blue Rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is chalk downs. The habit is 

 erect or ascending. The stems are numerous, 

 smooth, or slightly hairy. The radical leaves are 

 long-stalked, oblong, lance-shaped, rarely heart- 

 shaped, scalloped, toothed, the stem-leaves linear, 

 lance-shaped, stalkless. The bracts are short, 

 oblong, linear, acute. The flowers are deep-blue, 



in round terminal heads, oval in fruit. The calyx- 

 tube is short, with triangular lobes. The corolla- 

 lobes are free to the base at length. The capsule 

 is short, 2- to 3-celled. The stigmas are 3. The 

 plant is 4-15 in. high, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Clustered Bellflower (Campanula glomerata, L.). 

 The habitat of this Campanula is dry calcareous 

 pastures and downs. The plant is erect. The 

 stem is simple, rounded, angular, short, leafy, 

 slender. The plant is downy. The rootstock is 

 short and stout. The leaves are hoary below, 

 rough, oblong to lance-shaped, scalloped, finely 

 toothed. The radical leaves are long-stalked, 

 oblong, egg-shaped, heart-shaped. The upper 

 leaves are half-clasping, stalkless, egg-shaped, 

 acute. The bracts are egg-shaped, with a long, 

 narrow point, shorter than the flowers. The 

 flowers are bright-blue, erect, stalkless, in a leafy 

 terminal head, with axillary buds below. The 

 central flower opens first. The corolla is funnel- 

 shaped, large, downy. The lobes are bent back 

 and acute. The calyx-tube is short, inversely 

 conical, 5-ribbed, the lobes egg-shaped. The 

 capsule is short, with basal valves. The plant is 

 2-18 in. high, flowering in July and August, and 

 is a herbaceous biennial. 



ORDER GENTIANACE^: 



Centaurium (Eryihraea) capitatum, R. and B. 

 The habitat of this species is downs and the 

 South coast of England. The plant is erect, with 

 the rosette habit. The stem is short, simple. 

 The stem-leaves are egg-shaped, spoon-shaped, 

 blunt, 3-veined. The radical leaves form a rosette, 

 3-5 nerved, with 3 long and 2 short veins. The 

 flowering tufts are stalkless, some long-stalked 

 tufts overtopping the primary tuft from the outer 

 bracts. The flowers are stalkless, in close, ter- 

 minal tufts, rose-colour, the cylindrical corolla- 

 tube longer than the calyx, the top not narrowed, 

 nor lengthening, the lobes oblong, blunt. The 

 stamens are inserted at the base of the tube above. 

 The capsule half-projects. The plant is 2-4 in. 

 high, flowering in July and August, and is a herb- 

 aceous annual. 



Gentiana lingulata, C. A. Agardh, b. pr&cox, 

 Raf. = G. campestris, L., b. obttisifolia, Williams. 

 This plant is an early vernal flowering state of 

 G. campestris, according to Mr. F. N. Williams 

 (Prodr., p. 235), and not of G. amare/Ia, with all 

 the leaves blunt, the calyx - lobes unequal, and 

 with tetramerous flowers. It flowers in May and 

 June. 



Gentiana baltica, Murb. This species is re- 

 garded by Mr. F. N. Williams (Prodr., p. 235) as 

 synonymous with G. campestris. It is an annual 

 form, with the lower leaves egg-shaped to lance- 

 shaped, and smaller flowers. 



Yellow Wort (Blackstonia (Chlora) perfoliata, 

 Huds.). The habitat of this species is clay or 

 calcareous banks and pastures, damp chalky 

 places. The plant has the rosette habit. The 

 stem and leaves are bluish-green. The stems arc 



