LAKES, RIVERS, DITCHES, ETC. 



105 



more or less simple. The leaves are stalkless, 

 more or less alternate, lance-shaped, with a 

 rounded base, toothed. The radical leaves have 

 short stalks. The flowers are small, with erect, 

 ovoid buds, rose-purple, numerous. The sepals 

 are lance-shaped. The lobes of" the stigma are 

 short and not turned back. The capsule is nearly 

 smooth or downy. The seeds are tubercular, in- 

 versely ovate to oblong, rounded below. The 

 plant is 1-3 ft. in height, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Epilobium collinum, C. Gmel. This species is 

 a doubtful one, and has been referred to E. mon- 

 tanutn. It was found in Scotland. 



Square-stalked Willow Herb (Epilobium tetra- 

 gonum, L. = E. adnatum, Griseb.). The habitat 

 of this species is wet places. The habit is as in 

 the last. There are dense, stalkless rosettes. 

 The plant is downy above. The stem has 2 or 4 

 raised lines, or is round, and is erect, much- 

 branched, rough, and strong. The leaves are 

 stalkless, those below the branches opposite, some- 

 times shortly - stalked, running down the stem. 

 They are strap-shaped, linear to oblong, ovate, 

 toothed, shining below. The buds are erect, acute. 

 The flowers are purplish-rose colour, or lilac, erect. 

 The pods are 2-4 in. long. The seeds are oblong 

 to inversely ovate, tubercular. The plant is 1-2 ft. 

 in height, and flowers in July and August, being 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Epilobium obscurum, Schreber. The habitat of 

 this species is damp places. The habit is as in the 

 last, which it resembles except in the shorter cap- 

 sule and foliage. The autumn stolons have few 

 distant pairs of opposite leaves. The leaves are 

 ovate to lance -shaped, tapered from a rounded 

 base, and are stalkless, remotely toothed. The 

 lower leaves are oblong, blunt, not shining above. 

 The buds are erect. The capsule is more or less 

 erect or spreading. The seeds are oblong to in- 

 versely ovate. The plant flowers in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Epilobium Lamyi, F. Schultz. The habitat of 

 this plant is woods and roadsides. The plant 

 forms dense rosettes. The leaves are lance-shaped, 

 finely or coarsely toothed, rounded below, some- 

 times with a short leaf-stalk, bluish-green, acute, 

 closely downy. The flowers are larger than in 

 E, tetragonum. The buds are erect. The plant 

 is 1-3 ft. in height. It flowers in July and August, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Marsh Willow Herb (Epilobium palustre, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is bogs, ditches. The 

 habit is as in the other members of the group. 

 The summer stolons are subterranean, slender, 

 scaly, with scaly buds in autumn, and are long- 

 jointed, with very small leaves, which end in bulbs 

 in autumn, becoming detached. The stem has a 

 cordlike base, roots near the base, and is round in 

 section, with two lines of felt. The leaves are not 

 stalked, and are lance-shaped, nearly all opposite, 

 limp, spreading, with few teeth, with a narrow, 

 blunt tip. The leaves are wedge-shaped at the 

 base. The flowers are in a raceme, nodding at the 

 top, rose or lilac. The buds are blunt, nodding. 



The sepals are lance -shaped. The capsule is 

 downy. The seeds are spindle-shaped, narrower, 

 narrow and acute below, with the testa prolonged. 

 The plant is 6-24 in. in height. It flowers in July 

 and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER UMBELLIFER^E 



Least Marshwort (Apium inundatum, H. G. 

 Reichb. ). The habitat of this plant is wet places, 

 ponds, pools, &c. The habit is prostrate, sub- 

 merged, or floating. The plant is limp, small, 

 straggly. The stem is frequently submerged, 

 wavy, fairly thick. The floating or submerged 

 leaves are twice or thrice pinnate. The lower 

 leaves are hair-like, much divided, 3-cleft, linear, 

 and some of the upper leaves rise above the sur- 

 face. When growing on the mud not in water 

 the leaves are all much broader, with wedge- 

 shaped segments, 3-cleft. The small white or 

 pinkish flowers are in small umbels of 2 or more 

 unequal rays, with a leaf opposite each, on short 

 flower- stalks. There are no bracts. There are 

 4-6 lance-shaped, 3-nerved bracteoles. The petals 

 are in-bent. The fruit is' more or less stalkless, 

 elliptic to oblong. The styles are bent-back. The 

 plant is 4-10 in. in height, and flowers in June and 

 July, being a herbaceous perennial. 



Water Hemlock or Cowbane (Cicuta virosa, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is watery places, 

 ponds, ditches, peaty pools. The habit is erect. 

 The rootstock is short, stout, with septa. The 

 roots are fibrous and slender. The stem is hollow 

 below, furrowed, round in section, thick, leafy. 

 The leaves are large, triangular, the radical leaves 

 twice or thrice pinnate, borne on stout leaf-stalks, 

 those of the lower leaves long. The leaflets are 

 linear to lance -shaped, acute, doubly coarsely 

 toothed, and run down the stem, being oblique. 

 The flowers are small, white, in large, flat umbels, 

 with no general involucre, or one or 1-2 slender 

 bracts, the partial involucre consisting of numerous 

 short, slender, awl-like bracteoles. The calyx- 

 teeth are ovate. The fruit is broader than long. 

 The slender styles are bent-back. The plant is 

 2-4 ft. high, flowering in July and August, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Water Parsnip (Stum lati folium, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is watery places, ditches, 

 rivers, river-sides. The habit is erect. The root- 

 stock is short, and bears stolons. The stem is 

 erect, stout, hollow, angular, grooved, and 

 branched above. The leaves are large, pinnate, 

 with 9-13 large, stalkless, distant leaflets, which 

 are linear to oblong, acute, lance-shaped, equally 

 toothed. The submerged leaves are much-divided. 

 The flowers are small, white, the outer larger, in 

 large, flat, terminal umbels, the rays numerous. 

 The flowerheads, at first erect, turn sideways. 

 The involucral bracts are lance - shaped. The 

 bracteoles are leafy and large. The style is 

 slender. The fruit is broadly ovoid, with promin- 

 ent ridges. The plant is 3-6 ft. high, flowering 

 in July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Narrow-leaved Water Parsnip (Sium angusti- 



