HEATHS AND MOORS 



165 



heaths. The plant has the pondweed habit. The 

 stem is creeping 1 below. The lower submerged 

 leaves are membranous, linear, lance-shaped, often 

 very narrow. The upper leaves are rather leathery, 

 floating-, oblong to elliptic or lance-shaped. All 

 the leaves which are round or heart-shaped below 

 are long-stalked. The leaf-stalks are not jointed, 

 and bear leaves. The blade may run down the 

 leaf-stalk. The spikes are short and irregular. 

 The sepals are elliptic, transversely stalked. The 

 fruit is a drupelet, red, with rounded margins, 

 faintly keeled with lateral ridges. The plant is 

 floating, and flowers in June and July, being a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER CYPERACE^ 



Few-flowered Club Rush (Scirpus paucifiorus, 

 Lightf.). The habitat of this plant is marshes, 

 boggy moors, and heaths. The habit is the usual 

 bulrush habit. There are no leaves. The plant 

 is smaller than the next. The rootstock is creep- 

 ing, with long stolons. The stem is round in 

 section, finely furrowed, with few scales, thin and 

 narrow. There is a short abrupt sheath below. 

 The upper one is blunt. The lower glume is 

 blunt, not so long as the spikelet. The anthers 

 do not end in an apiculus. The nut is inversely 

 ovate, 3-angled, finely furrowed, netted, pale, with 

 a beak contracted below. The plant is 4-8 in. 

 high, flowering from June to August, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Deer's Head or Tufted Spike Rush (Scirpus 

 caspitosus, L.). The habitat of this plant is barren 

 turfy heaths and moors. The plant has the usual 

 Rush habit. The stems are tufted (hence ccespitosus), 

 wiry, round in section, finely furrowed, erect, some 

 barren. There is a short rootstock. The scales 

 are overlapping, numerous, leafless, acute. The 

 sheaths are short, awl-like below, the lower split, 

 large, stout, rigid, the upper slender. The leaves 

 are short. The spike is solitary, terminal, ovate, 

 with few flowers. The spikelets are erect, chest- 

 nut-brown, shining. The lower 2 glumes are 

 awned, and longer than the spikelet. There are 

 4-6 bristles. There are 3 long stigmas. The fruit 

 is an oblong to inversely ovate brown nut, with a 

 long narrow point, and a few erect teeth. The plant 

 is 6-12 in. in height, and flowers from June to 

 August. The plant is a herbaceous perennial. 



Bristle-stalked Club Rush (Scirpus setaceus, L.). 

 The habitat of this plant is wet, sandy, and 

 gravelly places. The stem is tufted, round, leafy, 

 slender, rigid, round in section. The leaves are 

 1-2, narrow, channelled, short, bristle-like (hence 

 setaceus). The spikelets are 1-3, terminal, small, 

 stalkless, shorter than the lower bract, which 

 appears as a continuation of the stem. The 

 glumes are blunt, with a short point, brown, with 

 white margins and a green keel, ovate. There 

 are 2-3 stamens and 3 stigmas. The nuts are 

 brown, broad, 3-angled, inversely ovate, longi- 

 tudinally ribbed, and transversely striate. The 

 plant is 3-6 in. in height, flowering in July and 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Kobresia caricina, Willd. ( = K. bipartila, Dal. 

 Tor.). The habitat of this plant is alpine marshes, 

 upland moors. The plant has the sedge habit. 

 The stems are erect, densely tufted, rigid, round 

 in section, leafy below. The rootstock is short. 

 The leaves are wiry, bent-back, slender, not so 

 long as the stem, grooved, the margins twisted. 

 The spikes (4-5) are narrow, close, at the top of the 

 stem, with 6-8 flowers. The spikelets are nearly 

 in 2 rows, stalkless, cylindrical. The bracts are 

 small. The glumes are rigid, ovate to oblong, 

 blunt, pale-brown, the second of the lowest fertile, 

 the lowest barren, the third male. Both flowers 

 are male in the upper spikelets. The nut is pale, 

 linear, with a beak. The plant is 4-8 in. high, 

 flowering in August and September, and is a 

 herbaceous perennial. 



Few-flowered Sedge (Carex pauciflora, Lightf.). 

 The habitat of this plant is moors or moorland 

 bogs. The plant has the sedge habit. The root- 

 stock is slender, creeping, with stolons. The 

 stems are 3-angled, smooth, slender. There are 

 2 to 3 bristle-like leaves, not so long as the stem, 

 which are rolled inwards. The plant is monoecious. 

 The terminal flowers are male. There are no 

 bracts. There are 3 stigmas. The glumes are 

 4-6, distant, oblong to lance-shaped, acute, pale, 

 not so long as the fruit, which is spindle-shaped, 

 pale, and beaked, yellowish-green. The nut is 

 3-angled, linear to oblong. The plant is 6-9 in. 

 high, flowering in June and July, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Carex divulsa, Stokes. The habitat of this 

 plant is moist shady places, dry hedgebanks. It 

 has been regarded as a sub-species of C. muricata. 

 The stems are 3-sided, loose, curved, slender, 

 limp, with rough angles above. The spikelets 

 are distant, loose, drooping, the upper close, 

 greyish, i or 2 of the lowest lengthened into a 

 long branch. The bracts are bristle-like. The 

 glumes are blunt, shorter than the fruit. The 

 fruit is ovoid, acute, plano-convex, with a thick 

 green margin, with obscure veins, divided into 

 2 nearly to the base, smooth, ascending. The 

 beak is rough -edged. The nut is ovoid to oblong, 

 flattened, the beak short. The plant is 1-2 ft. 

 high. It flowers from May to July, and is a herb- 

 aceous perennial. 



Prickly Sedge (Carex echinafa, Murr. = C. stel- 

 lulata, Good). The habitat of this sedge is moors, 

 bogs, and marshes. The habit is that of a sedge. 

 The stem is 3-angled, more or less smooth or 

 rough above, without stolons. The rootstock is 

 densely tufted. The leaves are narrow, channelled, 

 not so long as the stem. The 3-4 spikes are pale- 

 green, round, distant, spreading. The bracts are 

 small, usually at the bottom of the spikes. The 

 glumes are green, with pale-brown sides, ovate, 

 acute. The fruit is olive-green, stalkless, with a 

 round base and stout lateral ribs. The nut is 

 ovoid, narrow below, the glume not so long as 

 the fruit. The plant is 4-12 in. in height, flowering 

 from May to July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 

 Mountain Sedge (Carex ntontana, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is heaths and banks, woods 



