i 7 8 



BRITISH FLORA 



to the stalks. The fruit is small, tubercled, black. 

 The plant is 6-12 in. high, flowering in June and 



July- 



Mountain Northern Bedstraw (Galium boreale, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is moist rocks in 

 mountain districts in North Britain. The habit 

 is erect. The stems are rigid, tufted, leafy, with 

 few branches above. The rootstock is creeping. 

 The plant is smooth to downy, black when dry. 

 The leaves are 4 in a whorl, lance-shaped, smooth, 

 downy, 3-nerved. The flowers are large, white, 

 in terminal and axillary, compact, many-flowered, 

 panicled cymes, the branches more or less erect. 

 The bracts are ovate. The fruit is covered with 

 hooked bristles. The fruit-stalks are erect. The 

 plant is 6-24 in. high, flowering from June to 

 August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER VALERIANACE^E 



Spur Valerian (Centranthus ruber, D.C.). The 

 habitat of this plant is old walls, cliffs, chalk-pits. 

 The plant is erect in habit. The rootstock is 

 woody below. The stem is round in section, 

 hollow. The radical leaves are lance -shaped, 

 stalked, the upper triangular, ovate to lance-shaped, 

 stalkless, smooth, bluish-green, entire or toothed 

 at the base. The flowers are red or white, in 

 long terminal, panicled cymes, dense, arranged 

 one side, with a slender spur shorter than the 

 tube, twice as long as the ovary. The fruit is 

 rough, narrow, ovoid, flattened. The plant is 

 1-2 ft. high, flowering from June to September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



ORDER COMPOSITE 



Goldielocks (Aster Linosyrts, 

 vttlgaris, Cass.). The habitat of this plant is 

 limestone rocks, maritime cliffs. The habit is 

 erect. The plant is smooth, herbaceous. The 

 stems are woody below, ribbed, simple, wiry, 

 leafy. The leaves are linear, smooth or rough, 

 entire, single -ribbed, numerous, dotted, acute, 

 thick, narrowed from the base to the middle. 

 The flowerheads are yellow, in terminal, corym- 

 bose heads, dense, and hemispherical. The 

 flower-stalk bears bracts, and is slender. The 

 involucre is loose, gummy, downy. The phyl- 

 laries are awl-like, shorter than the flowers. The 

 achenes have reddish pappus in 2 rows. The 

 plant is 9-18 in. high, flowering from August to 

 October, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Alpine Fleabane (Erigeron alpinus, L.). The 

 habitat of this plant is alpine rocks, highland 

 mountains. The plant is erect in habit. The 

 rootstock is short. The plant is hairy. The aerial 

 stems are scapes. The leaves are mainly radical, 

 oblong, lance-shaped, narrowed below, spreading. 

 The stem-leaves are few, linear to oblong. The 

 scapes bear i or more heads, and are solitary or 

 few. The flowerheads are solitary, with a yellow 

 disk and light purple ray, borne on stout flower- 

 stalks. The ray-florets are numerous, twice as 

 long as the disk, with a very slender ligule, longer 



than the pappus. The inner female florets are 

 tubular, numerous, slender. The involucre is hairy. 

 The phyllariesare villous, awl-like to lance-shaped. 

 The pappus is reddish. The plant is 6-8 in. high, 

 flowering in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Alpine Cudweed (Gnaphalium norvegicutn, 

 Gunn.). The habitat of this plant is alpine rocks 

 and highland mountains. The habit is nearly 

 erect. The stems are simple. The leaves are 

 lance-shaped, broader than in the last, woolly 

 both sides. The stem-leaves are blunt-pointed, 

 broad, the floral leaves suddenly smaller, those 

 in the middle of the stem broadest. The flower- 

 heads are in short, close, terminal, nearly stalkless, 

 leafy spikes, longer in proportion to the involucre. 

 The phyllaries are blackish-brown. The fruit is 

 longer, the pappus white. The plant is 6-10 in. 

 in height, and flowers from July to September, 

 being a herbaceous perennial. 



Dwarf Alpine Cudweed (Gnaphalium supinum, 

 L.). The habitat of this plant is alpine and sub- 

 alpine rocks, highland mountains. The plant is 

 prostrate in habit. The plant is tufted, leafy, 

 with cottony, appressed wool. The roots are dark- 

 brown, fibrous. The mainly radical leaves are 

 linear, lance -shaped, downy both sides. The 

 scapes are erect, with few linear leaves, downy 

 both sides. The flowerheads are stalkless, few, 

 1-5, distant, in short terminal spikes or racemes. 

 The phyllaries have a membraneous margin, and 

 are brown above, woolly, the outer blunt, the 

 inner acute. The achenes are downy, with white 

 pappus. The plant is 1-4 in. high, flowering in 

 July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Irish Inula (Inula salicina, L.). The habitat of 

 this plant is damp rocky places. The plant is 

 exceedingly rare. The habit is erect. The stem 

 is leafy, softly downy. The leaves are linear to 

 oblong, tuberculate, toothed, fringed with hairs, 

 rigid. The lower leaves are inversely ovate to 

 lance-shaped, smooth above, slightly hairy below, 

 the veins netted with crisped hairs. The stem- 

 leaves are half-clasping, glossy, rough, the margin 

 turned back. The flowerheads are solitary, or 

 3-5 in a corymb, with yellow florets. The involu- 

 cral bracts are linear to oblong, fringed with hairs, 

 the outer leafy ones turned back. The ligules are 

 slender. The pappus is dirty white. The fruit is 

 smooth. The plant is 12-18 in. high, flowering in 

 July and August, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Oxford Ragwort (Se necio squaltdus, L.). This 

 plant grows on walls, where it is on the increase, 

 and on railway banks, roadsides, and waste 

 ground. The habit is erect. The plant is smooth. 

 The stems are short, stout, leafy, wavy, much- 

 branched. The leaves are stalkless, deeply- 

 divided nearly to the base, or lyrate, the segments 

 linear, oblong, long or short, distant, irregular, 

 toothed, smooth, the upper auricled, and half- 

 clasping. The flowerheads are yellow, broad, in 

 a loose corymb, with spreading rays. The involucre 

 is broadly bell-shaped, smooth, the outer phyl- 

 laries are few, small, with dark tips. There are 

 awl-like bracts below the heads. The achenes 



