ROCKS AND WALLS, ETC. 



are hairy, silky, ribbed. The plant is 1-2 ft. high, 

 flowering^ from March to September, and is a 

 herbaceous annual or biennial. 



Cnicus tuberosus, Roth. The habitat of this 

 plant is meadows in Wilts. It differs from Field 

 Thistle (C. pratensis) in not being- stoloniferous. 

 The root consists of spindle-shaped tubers. The 

 leaves are deeply divided nearly to the base, an- 

 other distinction. The lobes are distant, narrow, 

 2-4-cleft. The flowerheads are 1-3, the involucre 

 ovoid, depressed below. The plant flowers in 

 August and September, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Melancholy Thistle ( Cn icusheterophyllus, Willd. ). 

 The habitat of this plant is moist mountains, 

 subalpine pastures, and rivulets in North Britain. 

 The habit is creeping, then erect. The plant is 

 stoloniferous, the rootstock creeping, the roots 

 fibrous. The stem is cottony, branched, furrowed, 

 white. The leaves are large, soft, lance-shaped, 

 irregularly lobed, or entire, toothed, fringed with 

 hairs, white below, the radical leaves clasping, 

 stalked, the upper egg-shaped, half-clasping, with 

 a heart-shaped base. The flowerheads are purple, 

 few, large, and handsome, not prickly, included 

 at the base, egg-shaped, blunt, below slightly 

 downy. The phyllaries are egg-shaped or lance- 

 shaped, long-pointed, closely pressed, the inner 

 entire, the outer blunt-pointed. The fruit is small, 

 smooth, brown, with brown pappus. The plant is 

 2-4 ft. high, flowering from July to September, 

 and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Alpine Saw-wort (Saussurea alpina, D.C.). 

 The habitat of this plant is alpine rocks and 

 cliffs. The plant has the rosette habit. The root- 

 stock is short, bearing stolons. The stems are stout, 

 erect, downy or cottony, simple, leafy. The leaves 

 are oblong, lance-shaped, smooth above, cottony 

 below, the lower ovate to lance-shaped, the upper 

 lance-shaped, without stalks, with distant teeth in 

 each case. The flowerheads are purplish-violet, 

 with a scent like heliotrope, in small terminal, 

 dense corymbs, few. The involucre is ovoid or 

 subcylindrical. The phyllaries are hairy, appressed, 

 oblong, blunt, woolly, the inner ones longer. The 

 florets project. The anthers are purple, with hair- 

 like appendages. The fruit is brown, smooth, 

 ribbed, with a dirty -white pappus, the inner 

 feathery. The plant is 3-15 in. high, flowering 

 from July to September, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Hieracium Pelefertanum, Mer. The stolons of 

 this Hawkweed are short and thick, with large 

 leaves. The radical leaves are large, inversely 

 lance-shaped, the inner nearly acute. The flower- 

 stalks are glandular and hairy. The involucre is 

 large and thick, with long silky dense hair. The 

 phyllaries are broad, the outer loose, with a long, 

 narrow point. 



Hieracium pratense, Tausch. The rhizome o 

 this species is ascending, creeping, stoloniferous, 

 The stem is hollow, with 1-3 radical leaves below 

 and black -based hairs, cottony and glandular 

 above. The dull-green leaves are inversely egg 

 shaped, lance-shaped, blunt, toothed, hairy. The 



>anicle is corymbose. The numerous heads are 

 cylindric, oblong, rounded below. The dark-green 

 hyllaries are linear, bluntish, woolly, glandular, 

 and hairy. The smooth ligules are pale-yellow. 

 The achenes are dark-brown, furrowed, the ridges 

 scalloped. 



Hieracium amplexicaule, L. This species has 

 >een reduced to a variety of H. anglicum, Fr., 

 and made synonymous with var. decipiens, Syme, 

 and var. cerinthiforme, Backh. The radical outer 

 ower leaves wither early. The 2-4 stem-leaves 

 are clasping, the lower narrowed near the rounded 

 jase. The panicle lacks lower branches. 



Hieracium anglicum, Fr. The habitat of this 

 species is stream-sides and cliffs in mountainous 

 districts on basalt and mica-schist. The stem is 

 robust, hairy or nearly smooth. The radical leaves 

 are egg-shaped, lance-shaped, narrow below, on 

 ong stalks, acute, entire, toothed below, downy 

 below, the border softly hairy. The 1-2 stem- 

 eaves are half-clasping. The panicle is corym- 

 bose, branched, with long, arching, ascending 

 branches and flower-stalks bent inwards. The 

 flower -stalks are glandular hairy, with little 

 woolly felt. The 1-5 heads are large, rounded, 

 enlarged below. The phyllaries are dark, long, 

 with a narrow long point, narrow below, awl-like, 

 glandular hairy, with little felted down. The 

 ligules are light rather lemon-yellow, hairy. The 

 styles are livid, dark. 



Hieracium Langwellense, F. J. Hanb. The stem 

 of this species is stout, furrowed, with scattered 

 white hairs below, with woolly felt and stiff black 

 hairs. The radical primary leaves are egg-shaped, 

 soon withering, the latter oblong, blunt, with a 

 blunt point, and bluntly toothed below. The inner 

 leaves are narrower, oblong, lance-shaped, narrow 

 at both ends, acutely toothed below. The 2 stem- 

 leaves are lance -shaped, toothed, or narrow. 

 The heads are fairly large, 15, egg-shaped. 

 The flower-stalks are rather slender, spreading, 

 curved above, woolly-felted, with stiff hairs. The 

 phyllaries are bent in, lance - shaped, linear, 

 blunt, the inner rather acute, woolly-felted, hairy, 

 glandular. The ligules are yellow, downy-tipped 

 or smooth. The styles are livid. 



Hieracium flocculosum, Backh. The habitat of 

 this species is river-banks and rocky places. The 

 stem is stellately downy, glandular above. The 

 radical leaves are leathery, inversely egg-shaped, 

 oval, with fine teeth, narrowed abruptly to the 

 woolly leaf-stalk. The inner leaves are acute, 

 narrowed at the base, which is toothed, with 

 woolly felt both sides. The 1-3 stem-leaves are 

 half-clasping, the upper narrow, oval, acute. The 

 panicle is loose, corymbose, the branches forming 

 a raceme. The heads (2-4) are egg-shaped. The 

 flower-stalks are woolly -felted. The dark -olive 

 phyllaries are woolly-felted and glandular, and 

 have a long narrow point and black hairs, the edge 

 woolly-felted. The tips of the ligules are downy. 

 The styles are light livid. The pits on the recep- 

 tacle have the margins cut, toothed, and fringed 

 with hairs. The plant flowers in July and August, 

 being a herbaceous perennial 1^-2 ft. in height. 



