ROCKS AND WALLS, ETC. 



197 



the upper more eg-g--shaped, the base rounded, 

 half- clasping, net-veined, woolly -felted above, 

 stiffly hairy below. The panicle is leafy, in a sort 

 of corymb, with 2-3 lower erect to spreading 

 branches, the upper close, ascending. The flower- 

 stalks have bracteoles above, woolly-felted. The 

 heads are few or numerous, medium to large, 

 egg-shaped below. The phyllaries are dark- 

 green, lance-shaped to linear, blunt, the inner 

 pale-bordered above, blunt, woolly-felted, glandu- 

 lar, hairy. The styles are yellow. The margins of 

 the receptacle pits are toothed. The plant is 2-3 

 ft. high, flowering from July to September, and is 

 a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium crocatum, Fr. The habitat of this 

 plant is mountain districts, banks of streams, and 

 ravines. The stem is rigid, rather rough, stiffly 

 hairy. The leaves are oblong to lance-shaped, 

 the lower narrowed to the clasping leaf-stalk, the 

 upper broader, blunt below, half-clasping, toothed, 

 paler, net-veined, falsely 3-nerved below, hairless, 

 or hairy. The panicle is small, in a sort of corymb, 

 with 2-3 straight, nearly erect, lower branches, 

 the upper spreading, ascending, close. The 

 flower-stalks are woolly-felted, hairy. The 5-12 

 heads are large, glossy, brown, nearly cylindrical, 

 blunt below. The phyllaries are dark, closely 

 pressed, broad, narrow-tipped, blunt, the outer 

 few, lance-shaped, the inner linear to lance-shaped, 

 paler below, woolly-felted, glandular, hairy. The 

 ligules are hairless. The styles in Scottish speci- 

 mens are livid. The plant is 1^-4 ft. high, flower- 

 ing in July and August, and is a herbaceous 

 perennial. 



Hieracium maritimum, F. J. Hanb. The 

 stem of this plant is erect, tall, rigid, reddish- 

 purple, stiffly hairy, woolly-felted, rough above. 

 The leaves are leathery, dark-green, crowded, the 

 lowest spreading, inversely egg-shaped, rounded 

 to blunt above, shortly stalked, the rest erect, 

 linear to oblong, lance -shaped, nearly acute, 

 abruptly narrowed, clasping below, entire or finely 

 toothed, stiffly hairy. The panicle is a raceme- 

 like corymb. The heads are i-io, leafy below, 

 the branches straight below, arching. The flower- 

 stalks are very woolly-felted, stiffly hairy. The 

 heads are very dark, short, broad, nearly blunt. 

 The phyllaries are short, broad, very blunt, the 

 outer triangular, the inner oblong to linear, lance- 

 shaped, woolly-felted, hairy, the inner paler. The 

 ligules are yellow-orange, hairless. The styles 

 turn colour. The plant is 1-3 ft. high, flowering 

 in July, and is a herbaceous perennial. 



Hieracium sabaudum, L. The habitat of this 

 plant is hedgebanks, copses, damp thickets, 

 woods, rocky places, banks of streams, lochs and 

 loughs, railway banks, heaths, &c. It is common 

 on shale, sand, and grit, less so on limestone 

 scars. The stem is rigid, hairy, often leafy 

 below, slender or thickened, round, finely fur- 

 rowed, red below, stiffly hairy, branched above. 

 The leaves are numerous, close, soft, olive-green, 

 flat, toothed, with teeth directed forwards, long- 

 pointed, the lower leaves linear to lance-shaped, 

 close, stalked, the stalks winged, hairy, the middle 



and upper leaves broadly lance-shaped, all stiffly 

 hairy both sides, or shining, hairless above. The 

 branches are loosely panicled, the upper often 

 close, the others distant. The flower-stalks are 

 woolly-felted or grey. The heads are medium, 

 with long stalks. The acladium is 20-25 mm. 

 The bracts are 3-4, linear. The flowerhead is egg- 

 shaped, rounded below, the phyllaries green-bor- 

 dered, wide, stellately woolly-felted. The recep- 

 tacle pits are irregularly lobed. The ligules are 

 yellow to golden. The styles are livid. The 

 achenes are purplish-black. 



Hieracium Ogwcni, Linton. The habitat of 

 this plant is sandy and stony places. It is re- 

 garded as synonymous with H. subumbellata, 

 Williams, of H. umbellatum, L., by Mr. F. N. 

 Williams (Prodr., p. 174). The leaves are fewer 

 than in H. umbellatum, L., the upper stalkless, 

 the lower narrowed into leaf-stalks, the panicle 

 being narrowed into a corymbose panicle, subum- 

 bellate, the tips of the phyllaries straight, not bent 

 back, nearly hairless, not hairy, or slightly woolly- 

 felted, hairy. 



Alpine Sowthistle (Lactuca alpina, Hook. = 

 Sonchus cceruleus, Sm.). The habitat of this 

 plant is alpine rocks. The plant has the rosette 

 habit. It is smooth, the inflorescence glandular, 

 hairy. The stems are stout, simple, smooth below, 

 leafy, succulent, grooved. The leaves are arrow- 

 shaped, lyrate or runcinate, with a large tri- 

 angular, spear-shaped, terminal lobe, and acute, 

 broad, membranous. The leaves are smaller 

 above, broadly ovate, heart-shaped, acute, short- 

 stalked on the barren shoots. They are narrowed 

 into half-clasping, auricled, winged leaf-stalks. 

 The flowerheads are blue, in racemose heads, 

 small, numerous, simple or branched, hispid, with 

 stalked, jointed hairs. The flower-stalks are 

 ascending, and bear bracts. The involucre is 

 glandular, hairy, subcylindrical, the phyllaries 

 linear. The achenes are oblong, not narrowed, 

 ribbed, slightly flattened. The plant is 2-4 ft. 

 high, flowering from June to August, and is a 

 herbaceous annual or perennial. 



ORDER ERICACEAE 



Black Bearberry (Arcfostaphylos alpina, Spr.). 

 The habitat of this plant is dry, barren Scottish 

 mountains. The plant has the shrub habit, and is 

 prostrate, then ascending, forming woody patches. 

 The branches are stout, leafy, interlacing, de- 

 pressed, with scaly bark. The stem is long, trail- 

 ing. The leaves are spoon-shaped, inversely egg- 

 shaped or lance-shaped, thin, wrinkled, scalloped, 

 toothed above the middle, fading but persistent, 

 in terminal clusters, with a short stalk, the nerves 

 netted, fringed with hairs. The flowers are 2-3, 

 in terminal drooping racemes, white, hairy round 

 the mouth, appearing with the young leaves, on 

 short stalks. The bracts are fringed with hairs. 

 The calyx is small. The corolla has 4-5 lobes, 

 downy within. The anther-stalks are awl-like, 

 the anthers brown, with small, short, awned 

 appendages. The berry or drupe is black, smooth. 



