labor and attention is required. The firs and pines do not 

 respond well to pruning and are usually shaded or screened 

 : from the sun and wind for the first season after transplant- 

 ing. 



CULTIVATION 



Trees make the best growth when they have the entire 

 use of the soil to the exclusion of other plants. Clean culti- 

 vation with horse tools should be given as much as possible. 

 A mulch of hay or coarse litter retains the soil moisture Well 

 ; and when used should cover an area ten to fifteen feet 

 across when placed around trees eight feet tall or larger and 

 should be maintained for several years if once established. 

 Hand cultivation can be given but the most common faults 

 are that it is not given frequent enough, and the area culti- 

 vated is too small to permit proper development of the tree. 



Water should be given in sufficient quantity to wet the 

 soil to a depth of three feet or deeper when applied. Water- 

 ing sufficient to wet the surface is of little value and may 

 be harmful. Weeds and grass can usually live in a drier soil 

 than recently transplanted trees and often use so much 

 moisture that the trees die for want of it. 



VARIETIES 



Select and plant only the varieties that are adapted to 

 the location and will serve the purpose for which they are 

 to be used. Temporary plantings can be made of short lived, 

 quick growing trees but the permanent plantings should be 

 made of select material only and such planting should be 

 delayed until satisfactory plants can be secured. On the 

 farm two or three of the best varieties are all that are need- 

 ed for. shade and windbreak formation. As many varieties 

 as may be desired can be used for ornamental planting. 



In town there should be agreement and cooperation in 

 planting to the end that all of the trees on any one street 

 should be the same. The plantings back from the street 

 may be done according to the taste of the individual owners. 

 There are only a few kinds of trees that are satisfactory for 

 street planting in any one section of the state. 



Black Locust. This is a rapid growing tree of medium size, with 

 an upright, narrow, oval shaped top that casts a light open shade. 

 Jn this state it has been almost free from attacks of insects and 

 disease and is very resistant to drouth. The wood is hard, strong, 

 very resistant to decay and lasts a long time when used as posts. 

 This is the best tree that can be used for general planting for 

 windbreak and shade formation in the light rainfall sections of the 

 state. 



Norway Maple. This is a rapid growing tree of medium size 

 with a broad oval top that casts a dense shade. It is quite hardy 

 and very desirable for general planting. The most serious objection 

 to it is based on the fact that its foliage is attacked by aphis. 



