we can hardly believe that it can be accounted for by the living conditions 

 of the camp. At any rate, present-day instincts rebel against such condi- 

 tions and they are fast being remedied. The reduced unit has at least 

 made it possible for the men to have more inviting and sanitary quarters. 

 In some instances a small window is provided for each bunk in order that 

 each individual may regulate the ventilation to his liking. The old lumber 

 bunk has been almost universally replaced by the steel bunks with springs 

 and mattresses. This improvement will be a standard feature in the 

 Camp of the Future. 



The method of heating is still in the experimental stage. Wood, the 

 fuel of the past, still predominates, but coal and steam are both being 

 used. The most practical and economical system depends largely upon 

 the type of camp, its situation, etc. For the temporary or portable camp 

 on skids, only wood or coal are practical. For long time stationary camps 

 of car camps, steam is preferable. While data are lacking to furnish con- 

 clusive comparison from an economical standpoint, it is my belief that it 

 will compare favorably with coal or wood and in many instances be also 

 much cheaper. 



Some other features unknown to the Camp of the Past are: the dry 

 room, shower baths and lockers, flush toilets and septic tanks, reading and 

 recreation rooms, electric lights, and other less pretentious features. The 

 dry room is essential and quite practical where steam heat is used. Where 

 stoves are used there will be more clothes dried in the bunk houses than 

 in the dry room, if one is provided. This indicates that the logger does 

 not naturally take advantage of all the improvements that are provided for 

 his own benefit. He is gradually coming to it, however, so in providing 

 beyond the demands of the employee the operator may be justly credited 

 as contributing to the moral uplift of the men of the woods. The shower 

 bath is practical and from this time on few camps will be constructed with- 

 out some sort of bathing facilities. While there are always a few who 

 will not avail themselves of this opportunity, the big majority of the men 

 do. Lockers are practical for the permanent type of camp and will no 

 doubt become a recognized part of their equipment. Flush toilets and 

 septic tanks are practical only at a long-time stantionary camp, and it is 

 doubtful if their installation will become common. Other methods of dis- 

 posing of sewerage and refuse are in evidence and will continue to be im- 

 proved upon. Reading and game rooms have not yet gained a place of 

 permanence, and it will be a long time before they will have the attraction 

 for a logger that a game of poker does. This is one of the many features 

 that the men do not take to voluntarily. ^ Encouraging their interest in 

 this respect is largely mercenary. 



Along with the various improvements affecting the camp employee 

 directly, the cook house has not been forgotten. It has been given more 

 light and general attractiveness. The quality and variety of food have 

 been greatly improved. Perhaps no other improvement will give the 

 direct benefit to the operator more than, the latter. Electric light for the 

 long-time stationary camp or permanent type of portable camp is practical 

 and economical. As this type will prevail in the future, electric lights 

 will become a standard feature. 



Considering the developments that have been made and are still going 

 on, the question at once presents itself: "What are the motives, and will 

 the results justify them?" There are two apparent motives, the first be- 

 ing purely business or financial. Some of the operators who first made 

 the,se sweeping improvements in their camps did so believing that they 

 could in this way hold their crews, perhaps get more work from them, and 

 thus derive a direct financial benefit from the project. The camp alone 

 will not accomplish this result. The predominating motive, I believe, is 

 broader and more far-sighted. It is a spirit of progressiveness and en- 

 terprise, an expression of the efforts being put forth to raise the standards 

 the logging business from the old "hit and miss" game, to a real busi- 



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