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Discussion Breakage. 



Table I. Out of a total full scale of 441,090 feet B. M., the loss by 

 breakage amounted to 20,890 feet B. M., or 4.7 per cent. It is seen by 

 glancing through this table that the size of the timber does not have a 

 very great effect upon the per cent of breakage, except possibly for trees 

 under 30 inches in diameter. Taking the trees at random and comparing 

 the per cents we have the following data: 



36" d. b. h 14.1% breakage 



36" 0.0% 



45" 2.5% 



45" 10.2% 



It may be seen that the breakage for some of the largest trees is very 

 small, as 0.8 per cent for a 64 inch tree, 1.9 per cent for a 63 inch tree and 

 many other instances. The range in per cents runs from to 17.6, although 

 the number above 8 per cent is small. 



Table II. This table shows the trees grouped according to diameter 

 classes in order to ascertain the relation between the size of the timber and 

 the percentage of breakage. The results show a tendency to a lower per 

 cent for the smaller trees, although this is not conclusive since there were 

 only 11 trees under 36 inches and 87 trees between 37 and 75 inches. 

 Probably the breakage would be very nearly the same if there had been 

 a larger number of trees measured below 36 inches in diameter. Although 

 the actual volume lost is greater for the larger trees, the volumes of 

 these trees are correspondingly larger so that the breakage per cent no 

 doubt remains about the same. This fact is brought out by the data on 

 breakage secured by Lumberman Erickson, although it will be noted that 

 the breakage per cent is considerably higher than at the Snow Creek 

 Logging Co. camp. Mr. Erickson's data show a slightly higher breakage 

 per cent for the larger trees. 



Defect and Waste. 



This timber had the appearance of a normally sound mature stand 

 of Douglas fir. No serious evidences of defects were noticeable upon 

 the trees, although indications of ground rot were in evidence on 

 account of the butt-swelling of some of the larger trees. There were 

 practically no outside evidences of conk, or other defects. The greater 

 portion of deduction for defect was due to ground rot, in a considerable 

 number of instances it was necessary to long butt the tree from 8 to 

 12 feet. Probably 75 or 80 per cent of the defect was due to this cause. 

 Pitch seams and pitch pockets were next in importance, while the deduc- 

 tion for conk was very small. 



The defect on this area amounted to 6.2 per cent, which was some- 

 what higher than was first thought upon a general inspection of the 

 stand. Upon a closer study of the trees when felled and bucked it was 

 seen that the error of 'judging the defect was .mainly in the greater 

 amount of ground rot than was allowed for. 



The waste logs in this area were a negligible factor, amounting to 

 only .9 of 'one per cent. In a number of instances logs which were 

 classed as possibly merchantable were of a very low quality and would 

 have been worth very little in the log market. All logs 16 feet long and 

 12 ijiches at the small end which were left in the woods were deemed 

 waste logs. A considerable number of those left were very limby. 

 Adaptability of the Willamette Volume Table to the Timber of the 

 Olympic National Forest. 



In order to determine the adaptability of the Willamette Volume 

 able to Olympic National Forest timber, the total full scale for 95 trees 

 as computed by the Scribner Decimal "C" Rule and then by the values 

 as shown in the above volume table. The results show that on a basis 

 of all the trees, the volume table is 5.6 per cent higher than the full 

 scaled contents, there being a difference of 24,080 feet B. M. It is 

 nteresting to note in this comparison, however, that in ten trees which 



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