log, although there seems to be a tendency for the logs of the smaller sizes 

 to bear a slightly greater per cent. 



The top log is seen to contain a per cent ranging from 2.2 to 12.5. 

 These logs are taken to be 10 inches at the small end and 32 feet long 

 for the smaller trees, and ranging to 15 inches diameter and 32 feet long 

 for the larger trees. The average per cent for all sizes is 3.1. The figures 

 show a strong tendency for the smaller trees to contain a greater per- 

 centage in the top log, which is naturally expected. 



Supplemental Data on Breakage. 



(Copy of a Report by E. C. Erickson, July 1, 1915) 



These data on breakage were obtained in three different localities of 

 almost identical topography, the ground being level and not very rough. 

 The timber at the Hamilton Logging Company's comp was in a dying 

 condition from fire, which swept through it in 1914, for this reason there 

 was more breakage. 



The object of the data was to get a fair average of breakage under 

 ordinary conditions, both as to the quality of the stand and as to the 

 ground surface. The breakage varied a great deal, depending upon the 

 topography, the size of the timber and the care used in felling. 



In a stand of tall timber averaging 80 M to 100 M feet per acre, the 

 breakage on a steep mountain side with a rocky or rough ground surface, 

 will be much higher than these data indicate while on level ground it 

 will be less. 



Since large timber breaks up more than small timber, there is little 

 or no breakage in second growth cuttings. It is difficult to fix /the per- 

 centage of the breakage in timber that is suitable for lumber. In large 

 timber, none of it may be merchantable, for the pieces are usually to 

 short to handle or rather it is impracticable to cut short logs in a typical 

 coast mill. The lumber would also be extremely knotty, grading only 

 as No. 3 common. 



I do not know of any remedy that will eliminate breakage. Careful 

 felling has stopped all unnecessary waste in this respect during the past 

 few years. 



TABLE IV. 

 Grand Summary Douglas Fir Breakage. 



Data by E. C. ERICKSON. 

 3 Camps. 



TABLE V. 

 Douglag Fir Breakage by Camps. 



(Data by E. C. ERICKSON.) 



Camp 



Florence Logg. Co. 

 Hamilton Logg Co. 

 Stimpson Logg. Co. 

 Totals 



F. 



Breakage and 



Waste 

 Board Feet 



48,470 

 33.720 



18,040 

 100,230 



Per Cent 

 Breakage and 

 Waste 



14.0 

 13.6 

 11.8 

 13.4 



38 



