47 



Field Beans. What has been said regarding the soil requirements and culture 

 methods of Lima beans applies also to field beans. The principal regions for 

 the culture of these beans, however, lie within the Sacramento and upper San 

 Joaquin valleys, principally in the counties of San Joaquin, Sacramento, Sutter, 

 Contra Costa, Solano, Yolo, and Colusa. Some black eye and pink beans are 

 grown in Stanislaus and Merced counties, but in general the summers in these 

 counties are too warm for most of the varieties. 



In the counties mentioned the rainfall and temperature vary more widely 

 than in the Lima bean regions, consequently one must exercise a stricter 

 choice of localities for successful bean growing. The heavy adobe and the 

 light sandy soils should be avoided, not alone because of their crop producing 

 power, but also because of their water-holding capacity. The heavy soils do 

 not respond to the operations of tillage in the proper manner, often being too 

 lumpy and hard, and the lighter soils are not sufficiently retentive of moisture. 



A satisfactory yield of field beans is about 1400 pounds per acre, though on 

 account of climate and soils the yield varies greatly, 2500 pounds per acre 

 being frequently produced. The farm price varies with the variety from three 

 ee-ts to eight cents per pound. 



The cost of production of field beans varies more widely than for Lima 

 beans, mainly owing to variation in soil conditions. The most usual figure is 

 between $15 and $18 per acre. 



CITKICULTURE 

 By J. ELIOT COIT, Professor of Citriculture 



There are about 180,000 acres planted to citrus fruits in California, the 

 proportion of lemons to oranges being as 1 to 5. There are about eight thousand 

 citrus growers, the average holding being therefore about twenty acres. The 

 annual shipments are now about 40,000 cars or 14,500,000 boxes, being approxi- 

 mately one-sixth of the world's supply. 



Citrus fruits are grown in favorable localities from San Diego County to 

 Shasta County. The localities are in the order of present importance: (1) the 

 area enclosed in and adjacent to a triangle drawn through Pasadena, Kedlands, 

 and Santa Ana; (2) the eastern foothills of Tulare County; (3) Ventura and 

 Santa Barbara counties; (4) San Diego County; (5) Butte County. There are 

 a great many smaller areas scattered through the state which are well suited 

 to citrus fruits. The industry is older in Southern California and there the 

 lands and water have been further developed and prices of land and water 

 are much higher than in the central and northern parts of the state. The cost 

 of land varies from $150 to $5.00 an acre and water rights from $75 to $300 

 or more. It costs to establish an orchard and care for it through the first five 

 years from $800 to $1200 per acre in Southern California and from $500 to 

 $900 per acre in other parts of the state. 



It is not the custom to rent citrus properties in California. The labor in 

 California citrus groves is done principally by Americans, although a good 

 many Mexicans, Italians, and Orientals are employed. Foremen receive from 

 $50 to $100 per month, teamsters from $50 to $65, irrigators from $2.00 to $2.50 

 per day, pruners from $2.00 to $3.50 per day, picking foremen from $2.25 to 



