METHOD OF PROCEDURE. 13 



typical 3^ellow pine had fairly smooth bark with furrows about one-half 

 inch deep running both horizontally and longitudinally, thus forming 

 rather large, smooth, irregular shaped plates, which were light brown in 

 color with a tendency toward the shade of yellow. The top part of 

 their crowns were dome-shaped. Trees identified as bull pine, or black- 

 jack, had rough, dark colored, cork-like bark, which was almost black in 

 some cases. Usually small limbs, either dead or alive, were present on 

 the lower portion of the bole, and the top part of their crowns were 

 cone-shaped. 



Tree measurements. 



The first measurement made on each tree was diameter breasthigh in 

 inches. This measurement, an average of the long and short diameters 

 at right angles, was taken outside bark four and one-half feet from the 

 ground while the trees were standing. Immediately after a tree was 

 felled, it was given a number, which was marked plainly on the butt 

 and also on the stump with blue lumber crayon. The clear length (the 

 distance from the stump to the first limb or snag two inches or over in 

 diameter), the merchantable length (the distance from the stump to 

 where the tree was six inches in diameter outside bark), and the total 

 height (the distance from the ground line to tip of crown) were then 

 measured and recorded in their proper places on forms similar to the 

 one shown in Plate II. The height of the stump was then taken, and 

 the average radius determined. 



Marking. 



All trees were given a number and marked immediately after falling, 

 and each stump was also marked with the same number as the tree. 

 Trees identified as yellow pine were given consecutive numbers begin- 

 ning with No. 1, which was the first tree identified; tree No. 2 the 

 second identified, and so on. Trees classified as bull pine or black- 

 jack were also given consecutive numbers, but each was preceded 

 by a zero. Therefore, tree No. 01 indicated that the tree bearing this 

 mark was the first measured and classified as bull pine ; tree No. 02 the 

 second, and so on. Logs cut from marked trees were given numbers 

 which indicated the position the log held in the tree and also the number 

 of the tree. For instance, if tree No. 425 were bucked into eight logs, 

 beginning with the butt log, each would receive the following numbers : 

 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254, 4255, 4256, 4257 and 4258, the last digit of the 

 number always indicating the position of the log in the tree. Log 

 No. 4256 should be read the sixth log from stump of tree No. 425. The 

 same scheme was used in numbering trees identified as bull pine. 

 Should a log be marked 04256, the number would be translated as indi- 

 cating the sixth log from the stump of tree No. 0425, which was identi- 

 fied as bull pine. All logs were marked plainly on both ends in blue 

 lumber crayon with the number indicating the tree from which the log 

 came and the position that the log occupied in the tree. Should one 

 end of the log be broken instead of sawed, a place was smoothed off by 

 means of a hand-axe and the number written plainly on it. In some 

 cases logs were broken on both ends. Such logs were marked in two 

 places, either on hewn surfaces on the broken ends or on places near 

 each end of the log where the bark was hewn away for that purpose. 



