METHOD OF PROCEDURE. 15 



distance from the heart of the stump to the inside of the bark was then 

 located which was equal to the average radius determined, and a line 

 was drawn. Annual rings were then counted along this line, starting at 

 the bark and continuing toward the heart. A mark was placed at every 

 tenth ring until the heart of the stump was reached. The last division 

 near the heart usually contained less than ten rings. The age of the 

 tree was then determined by counting the marks and multiplying by ten 

 and adding the number of rings between the pith and the last mark. 

 For example, if there were thirty-one marks along the average radius, 

 and seven rings included between the pith and the last mark made, the 

 tree's age from the time it was as high as the stump until felled would 

 be 317 years. Radii from the pith to each mark were measured and 

 recorded. These distances represent the radius inside bark at the 

 stump attained by the tree at each ten year interval of growth. 



Recording of data. 



All data was recorded on forms prepared especially for the work. 

 Measurements made by the men working with the falling crews were 

 recorded on forms similar to the one shown in Plate II. Log measure- 

 ments made by members of the party working with the bunching teams 

 were also recorded on these forms, which were turned over to them each 

 night by the men located with the falling crews. Growth measurements 

 were recorded on separate forms as shown in Plate III. All broken 

 sections of trees were recorded whether they were fit for milling pur- 

 poses or not, and were given numbers the same as though they were 

 logs. In some cases such sections would not measure over two feet in 

 length and perhaps broken on both ends. They were given log numbers, 

 however, and recorded with the following symbols added 2 E.B. and 

 L.I.W., meaning two ends broken and left in the woods. If only one 

 end was broken, and it happened to be the small end, the notes would 

 read S.E.B., L.I.W., meaning that the small end was broken and the 

 large end was sawed ; also that the section was left in the woods. If the 

 large end was broken and the small end sawed, the symbols would be 

 L.E.B., L.I.W., meaning large end broken, small end sawed and section 

 left in the woods. In this way all broken sections were indicated in the 

 data and all of each tree accounted for. 



Log measurements. 



The lengths of all logs were measured in feet and tenths, and the 

 average diameter inside bark, in inches and tenths. The thickness of 

 bark was determined by averaging measurements of same taken in three 

 or four places. The diameter outside the bark was obtained by adding 

 twice the thickness of the bark to the inside diameter. Logs with 

 broken ends were measured from an average of the break on one end to 

 the average of the break on the other. The diameters of broken sections 

 were measured in some cases with calipers, but whenever possible the 

 measuring stick was used. 



