16 A MILL SCALE STUDY OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



At the Mill. 

 Log scale. 



All marked logs reaching the mill were scaled by the company's log 

 sealer, who scaled by the Spaulding Log Rule. An allowance of one 

 linear foot was made for each broken end of broken logs, and the num- 

 ber of each log was recorded along with its log scale and dimensions. 



Marking. 



The first and last board from each log were marked conspicuously by 

 the member of the party stationed near the edger, and each log was 

 recorded as it came on to the carriage. By means of this systematic 

 marking and recording it was possible to follow closely the output of 

 lumber from each log and, ultimately, from each tree. 



Grading. 



The grading was done in accordance with the rules shown on page 20 

 by men of long experience. The contents and grade of each board 

 coming from marked logs were called off by the grader as he entered 

 them on his tally sheet, thus enabling one of the part} r to record the 

 same in his specially designed form book. 



Recording of data. 



All data pertaining to grades and volume sawed out of marked logs 

 of various sizes, were recorded by the man stationed at the grading 

 table on forms as shown in Plates IV to X. The log number was first 

 entered at the top of the sheet, then the volume in board feet of each 

 piece of lumber sawed was entered under a heading denoting the grade. 

 The total volume in board feet of each grade was then determined by 

 adding the figures in each column. The total sawed out, which is the" 

 total volume of all grades, was obtained by adding the totals of each 

 separate column. This grand total was recorded in the lower right- 

 hand corner as shown in the above mentioned plates. The volume by 

 the Spaulding Log Rule appears in the lower left-hand corner of each 

 log sheet. 



Dimensions of lumber. 



Some of the lumber manufactured by the Red River Lumber Com- 

 pany was cut shy on dimensions. One-inch boards were sawed 15 /io // in 

 thickness, %" boards were sawed %" in thickness, 2" x 4" joists were 

 sawed 1%" x 4", %" commons were sawed 1%" in thickness. Large 

 timbers were sawed with an allowance of 1 4" in both directions for 

 shrinkage. All boards over 8" in width were sawed with an allowance 

 of %" for shrinkage. These deviations from true dimensions affect to 

 some extent the total sawed out for each log, and therefore for each 

 tree, and is one of the reasons why the mill over-run shown farther on 

 is so uncommonly large. 



