20 A MILL SCALE STUDY OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



K 



PLATE X, Mill Sheet for Log No. 7, Tree No. 038. 



GRADING RULES. 



Eastern grading rules were used by the Red River Lumber Company, 

 and during this mill scale study the grading was observed very closely 

 by the writer so that a clear description of each grade as applied to the 

 lumber on the live chains could be given. 



It will be seen from the description of the various grades which follow 

 that each of them, with the exception of 2" x 4" and wider, 4" x 4" and 

 larger, and 3" plank, specifies clearly lumber of a definite quality, their 

 limitations being such that it is not possible to conscientiously crowd 

 poor material into the upper grades. The grader will, of course, give 

 lumber as high a mark as possible, since it is greatly to the interest of 

 the company to have its good quality material graded as such. The 

 rules given below do not prevent the good quality of lumber found in 

 a log from being placed in a low grade, but they do prevent the poor 

 quality from entering the high grades. Therefore, on the one hand, 

 the grader makes his mark of quality as high as possible and, on the 

 other, the grading rules bar him from placing inferior lumber in with 

 the upper grades. 



Description of Grades. 



C. and better. 



Sound material free from knots, pitch seams, wane and sap-stain, 

 and true to dimensions. May be all sap-wood, all heart-wood, or any 

 combination of the two. Dimensions may be : thickness, %", '%", %" 

 or 1 % // ; width, anything over 8". A very small amount of %", %" 

 and *%" stock was sawed. Fully 85 per cent of the stock was sawed %". 



