22 A MILL SCALE STUD5T OF WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



No. 2 Common. 



Sound material 12" or more in width, free from sap-stain and wane, 

 and true to dimensions, which can not be graded as No. 1 Common due 

 to large, sound knots being present. This grade of material must also 

 show fair indications of strength. Dimensions the same as No. 1 

 Common. 



No. 3 Common. 



Sound material 12" or more in width, free from sap-stain and wane 

 and true to dimensions. This material is barred from No. 1 and No. 2 

 Common since it is light in weight and lacks the necessary springiness 

 indicative of strength. Dimensions the same as for No. 1 and No. 2 

 Common. 



Shims. 



Sound material not true to dimensions. Poorly sawed lumber, thin 

 in some places and thick in others. This grade includes lumber from 

 all other grades except Culls. It was observed that shims, as a rule, 

 were high grade material, cut from the outside of fair-sized logs. The 

 sawyer apparently had better control of the sawing after the log had 

 been squared. Shims may be of various sizes ; dimensions not definite. 



2" x 4" and wider. 



Sound material 2" thick and at least 4" wide, true to dimensions and 

 containing many small knots. Quality about the same as Box, No. 2 

 Common or No. 3 Common. 



4" x 4" and larger. 



Sound material 4" thick and 4" wide or larger, true to dimensions. 

 Quality about the same as Box, No. 2 Common or No. 3 Common. 



Plank 3". 



Sound material sawed 3" thick and of various widths, true to dimen- 

 sions and containing many small knots. Quality about the same as 

 Box, No. 2 Common or No. 3 Common. Note: Some 3" plank was 

 sawed from the sap-wood of large logs and passed the grade of C. and 

 better. 



Culls. 



Unsound material, and material containing many large, rotten knots 

 or excessively cross-grained. In short, any lumber sawed which con- 

 tains defects sufficient to bar it from all of the other grades. Dimen- 

 sions : all sizes of stock sawed. 



UTILIZATION. 



At the time this study was made there could not have been a much 

 closer utilization of forest products than that practiced by the Eed 

 River Lumber Company. The woods operations being very close to the 

 mill made the cost of logging exceptionally low, thus making it profit- 

 able to handle logs of exceedingly low grade. If a log from a wind- 

 fall was believed to contain 10 per cent sound material, it was sent to 

 the mill, and logs from the tops of immature trees measuring not over 

 four or five inches in diameter inside bark were also milled. The stumps 



