30 CAMP SANITATION AND HOUSING. 



with one of the following substances : Crude oil, chloride of lime, or dry 

 earth. 



The crude oil is preferable for the following reasons : 



(a) It is easily handled and the person who applies it runs no 

 risk of contamination from the fecal matter. 



(&) It is relatively small in bulk and easily transported. 



(c) It keeps down bad odors and is repellant to flies. 



(d) It does not fill the pit so quickly as the lime, thus prolonging 

 the usefulness of the toilet. 



7. A urinal trough, as shown in Figure 21, should be in each men's 

 toilet, and this should be thoroughly washed out daily and the inside 

 painted with crude oil. 



8. If a box or other receptacle is used to receive the excreta, the con- 

 tents should be emptied twice a week, the receptacle thoroughly washed 

 and the inside painted with crude oil. 



Figure 22 shows a model fly-proof toilet with a box receptacle which 

 can be hauled out into the field and the excreta used for fertilization 

 after proper treatment. (See page 27.) 



9. In camps where women are employed, there should be a sufficient 

 number of toilets for their use, marked "For Women Only." These 

 should be at least 50 feet distant from the men's toilets. 



10. Cleanliness and care in the use of all toilets should be insisted 

 upon. 



11. Paper should be provided in all toilets. 



Figures 23 and 24 show two toilets which violate every rule of sani- 

 tation. These were actually in use in camps before the Commission 

 began its inspection. (See page 28.) 



Figure 25 shows a fly-proof toilet for women, with a single entrance 

 and partitions. (See page 29.) 



Figure 26 shows a fly-proof toilet for women with separate entrances. 



Figure 27 shows an old unsanitary toilet and a new sanitary toilet, 

 the latter built at Perkins, on the Horst hop ranch, under the super- 

 vision of the Commission. This five-hole toilet is similar in construc- 

 tion to the one shown in Figure 21. The cost was as follows : 



Lumber $11 95 



Hardware 81 



Roofing paper 90 



Labor _ 7 65 



Total $21 31 



On the Durst Bros, hop ranch, at Wheatland, five-hole fly-proof 

 toilets of the same construction were built, under the Commission's 

 supervision, at the following cost per toilet : 



Lumber $12 24 



Hardware 95 



Roofing .__ 90 



Labor 8 00 



Total . 22 09 



