COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING. 49 



IX. 

 Towels. 



1. Roller towels, if used, should be changed frequently. 



2. The use of individual towels, rather than the common towel, is 

 strongly urged. 



3. Paper towels are suitable and can be furnished at small expense. 



x. 



Flies and Manure. 



1. The open manure pile should be eliminated. 



2. Stables and stalls near camps should be kept thoroughly clean. 



3. For permanent camps, cement floors with proper drainage for 

 the stables are recommended. This eliminates the cracks common to 

 board floors in which the offal collects and flies breed. 



4. Manure should be disposed of daily, either by hauling it into the 

 field and spreading it in thin layers on the land, or by placing it into 

 a fly-proof composting pit, or by burning. 



A pile of manure stacked up against the side of a barn, which is about 50 feet 

 from the kitchen, mess-house and sleeping quarters. This pile of manure is not - 

 only a fly-breeding place, but may cause the side of the barn to cave in, or set 

 fire to it. 



Figure 38 shows a concrete fly-proof composting pit. The capacity 

 of this pit is 2,700 cubic feet, and will store the offal of ten horses 

 for a period of six months. The average horse produces 1^ cubic feet 

 of manure per day, including bedding. 



This composting pit will enable the farmer to save a great proportion 

 of his manure from going to waste. A sump is provided to take care of 

 the urine, which is the most valuable part of the excreta of animals. 

 Urine is rich in nitrogen and in potash, which are successfully preserved 

 with the dung in this pit. By means of a pump, as shown in Figure 

 38, the manure can be frequently moistened with the urine. Water 



