THI-: STATH RKVIEW. 



FORESTRY IN JAPAN. 



The Excellent Paper Prepared by 



W. C. Winchester for the 



Meeting. 



Mr. Winchester'- paper wa- read by Mr. 



>el<i. ail'! follow-: 



Tin if Japan, her natural ornament. 



which occupy more than one-half the area of 



the Knip! r to have exerted an inspir- 



"ifhience upon the mimls of her inhabit- 



their love ol forests and luxuriant 



.n growr be intuitive. They arc 



aware of their dut: -peak, towards the 



indicated by their er. .. 



-;ng demand for forest 

 : ve them for future 

 generations. 



Tin pan. while the countrv 



maintained their primitive character. 



during the Tokugawa regime the 



,i.-nt of tl 1 was stringent, and 



-tern rules of a military de-poti-m eii- 



d. They v. ;-re at that time divided into 



i'ri itectinn 

 head waters 



ie planted to pre\ slides 



: also 



and invite tl 

 ' 



inn the nder- 



r tini- 



: enter)' 



Government Takes Hold. 



hold. Bhuddist and 

 ad imperial i 



riated half 

 a mi" <r the pir 



;th a til' 

 -and j. 



! and timber. Jt took ten 



Ian. 



ern- 



rding 



ipire. 

 n the 



i 



runninx '-lh the 



mountains 



f the 

 com:' -]-g th; 



the '.< than in the 



liich are naturally better for 

 farm: 



Tha Lrparial Lands. 



divided into two 

 ;iary and ordinary. The former 

 com] -liickly v. 



and 



for a regular working plan, and it is expected 

 that the area of such lands will not decn 



Japan \r.c- n.i le-- tli. and vari- 



but at the present time their 

 management does not attach any special 

 importance to more than ten or twelve species. 

 They are divided into four groups: tropical, 

 sub-tropical, temperate and arctic. The most 

 valuable of the tropical trees are the bamboos 

 and palms. In the sub-tropical and temperate 

 zones are found several kinds of conif:-rs, of 

 which the 'cryptomaria. a straight-grained 

 cedar attaining a diameter of six feet and 200 

 feet in height, and the red and black pine are 

 the most important. Bamboos also grow well 

 in the sub-tropical ?one. 



In the temperate zone are found about all 

 the varieties of hardwoods found in the United 

 States. The pines and cedars also do well here. 

 It is estimated that about one-half the area 

 of the forests are conifer- and one-half broad- 

 leafed varieties: and as the demand is much in 

 excess for the conifers, or softwoods, they are 

 planting on the lands owned by the state about 

 ten of the-e varieties to one of the hardwood-. 

 In this way they expect to keep up the ratio. 









J. J. HUBBELL, 



Treasurer Michigan Forestry Association. 



The Working Plan. 



The working plan of the government em- 

 uing and partly clean cut- 

 : corn- 

 cutting 



calculate - than 



jking 



inter 



irient. 



rnment is 



all in 



-. and 



can li 



obtain the 



;n the 



nig to 



and for protection method of 



;tion is in vogue. 

 Furl 



' tutio- 

 them have a coll 



the balance gene: 



structinn - line. '< -tantly 



turning out men of practical knowledge on this 

 :ul the government is encourai; 



1 by offering graduates good positions. Further- 

 more, they have a training school at their ex- 

 perimental station. 



So, they have it practically settled that the 



! state and Imperial lands will be handled in a 

 business-like manner conserving the interests 

 of future generations. Xow. in order to reach 

 the other third ownership of the fore- 

 in private persons and temples, they have 

 adopted stringent laws patterned after those 

 of Europe. These laws contain provisions re- 

 garding the control of both utilization and pro- 

 tection forests, and provision made for policing 

 me and providing penalties for damages 

 to either class. A register of the state lands 

 is kept at the head forest office, and another 

 r of all private forests is kept at the 

 respective local offices. The following is an 

 extract from some of their laws: 



What the Laws Provide. 



First: The term forests include 

 longing to the Imperial household, the 

 Shinto and Bhuddist temples and to private 

 individuals. 



When it is likely that a public or private 

 forest or one belonging to the temple- is to be 

 cut inconsistent with forest economy, the min- 

 ister supervising the district shall direct the 

 management of the >ame. 



If trees are cut in contravention of the direc- 



tion mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the 



minister may cause him to stop the cutting 



and re-plant the spot where the cutting has 



carried on. 



When the re-planting provided in the pre- 

 .ph has been neglected by the 

 carried on by the govern- 

 In th: r the expense in- 



r the 

 n re-planted may IK mail 



ate a 







ernment may tite a protec- 



n it appears net .r the 



' 



:nd-drift- 

 tidal-waves, rolling stones and 



the maintenance of -upply in 



the crov >h. 



F'or the preservation of the public health. 



d places 



In a protection 



''.lecting ' extraction 



of thi free breeding of i 



1 and cattle shall n<*' 

 sion i. rom the ' rnor. 



Power of Government. 



sly direct 

 of a pr 



cnltrvati 



U-r in char rder him 



nial condition. If these orders 

 are not o! may a* 



:he work and collect tl f the 



Wh .vcrnment <! purchase 



e al- 



complaii: thr:t lit- may put 



in a claim d by 



re in timber '. 

 ithout tl 



ial or polio Any p 



-e to a plain adjoining 

 take all reasonable precaution to p 



:ted to kindle, 

 ! i manner 

 r the timber. Ar 



: or dan 1 in a 



required to inform the 



the citv. town or village without 



