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GRAVEL ROADS FOR CITIES. 



"Gravel roads, properly constructed and 

 cared for, are the ideal highways for the resi- 

 dence portion of any city, is my belief," says 

 George D. Marshall, United States Govern- 

 ment Expert in charge of road building in 

 Kalamazoo county. 



"Surrounding the city of Kalamazoo are 

 great quantities of the best road material to 

 be obtained anywhere, which could be used 

 with economy and to the betterment of many 

 miles of Kalamazoo's streets. 



"To properly construct a gravel road the 

 same care should be given as in laying a pave- 

 ment. All soft earth should be removed for a 

 depth of several inches. The bottom of the 

 excavation should be properly graded and ce- 

 ment combined curb and gutters laid. 



"The filling should then be of the best 

 gravel obtainable. When the material is 

 brought up to grade it should be rolled, not 

 once but several times, until the whole is a 

 compact mass. 



"In many cities a top dressing of oil is then 

 spread over the roadway. This incorporates 

 with the gravel after another rolling, and binds 

 the separate gravel-stones together into a dust- 

 less mass. 



"Such a road will not wash out easily, is 

 practically noiseless, easy on the hoofs of 

 horses, free from dust, smooth and in every 

 way satisfactory. Repairs on such a roadway 

 should be made from the bottom up. It is 

 useless to dump loose gravel on a depression, 

 for that remains loose and helps break down 

 the surrounding hard material. The gravel 

 should 1 be dug out down to the very bottom 

 and the same process gone through in making 

 the repairs as was had in laying the original 

 material. 



"I am a strong advocate of gravel roads, 

 which from my experience in other states 

 prove to be the kind to construct." 



NEW YORK AN OBJECT LESSON. 



Good roads are expensive, but they pay. On 

 good roads, with a given power, heavier loads 

 can be transported than are possible on poor 

 highways, and this is a factor of importance 

 to the 'farmer, the same load can be pulled 

 with less power, a saving to the owners of 

 machines; the expense for repairs to vehicles 

 and harness is smaller; there is an immense in- 

 crease in comfort and speed. Good streets in 

 town or city give a better impression to the 

 visitor; they seem to lead also to the greater 

 care of buildings and the improved character 

 of new ones. 



Massachusetts has long been a leader in 

 matters relating to better highways. The Em- 

 pire state now gives some figures that are sur- 

 prising. It has 80,000 miles of roads, -with a 

 greater mileage of improved highway than all 

 of the other eastern states put together, not 

 excluding- Massachusetts. There are 2,000 

 miles of state reads under construction, 2,400 

 miles of macadam roads and more than 40,000 

 miles of earth roads, properly shaped and 

 crowned with stones picked and removed, de- 

 pressions filled, culverts and bridges repaired; 

 besides which towns have constructed 8,000 

 miles of gravel roads in first class condition. 

 The sum of $21,000,000, to be expended in one 

 year in road construction and improvement, 

 is available and will probably be utilized by 

 the state department of highways. 



The appropriation of this immense amount 

 of money for road work in New York may 

 prove an object lesson for other states. There 

 can be no doubt that if wisely expended it will 

 return satisfactory dividends. In these days 

 of automobiles, good roads arc coming to 

 have a wider significance than they held when 

 travel was confined to more restricted areas. 

 Now interstate trips are common, and the 

 characted of the highways has a large influ- 

 ence in giving direction to the tide of travel 

 and determining its volume. 



PRAISES DELTA COUNTY ROADS. 



State Highway Commissioner Townsend A. 

 Ely of Lansing, after j:umpleting the work of 

 inspecting the different mads in Delta and the 

 township roads that have been constructed 

 since the last visit of the officials, said: 



"Delta county can well be proud of its roads. 

 I have been out of Lan>ing now for two 

 weeks constantly inspecting roads and I want 

 to tell you that Delta county has the best 

 roads I hat 1 have yet visited. Every macadam 

 road that you have in this county is of first 

 class construction and will last for years. The 

 people of the district certainly have reason 

 to be proud of their good roads. Escanaba 

 township perple are certainly to be congratu- 

 lated on the excellent road's that have been 

 built there and are now being constructed. 

 Every road that we visited is certainly worthy 

 of the state reward that has been paid or will 

 lie paid. 



"In P.ark River township we visited all of 

 (he roads that have been built or are being 

 built. T consider the mile of road constructed 

 last year as one of the best pieces in the 

 county, and while there is some discussion I 

 understand between the contractors and the 

 township authorities as to its value. I honest- 

 ly believe that the work was worth anywhere 

 between $3.000 and $4.000. Bark River town- 

 r-hop should be proud of its excellent roads 

 as well as every ether part of this county." 



BERRIEN HAS GOOD ROADS ASSOCIA- 

 TION. 



The Berrien County Good Roads Associa- 

 tion has been organized, every township being 

 represented in the directorate as follows: 



Bainbridgc. Homer E. Olds: Benton. R. F. 

 Tabor: Berrien. Cyrus B. Great; Buchanan, 

 George Hess: Chikaming, Burwell Hinchman: 

 Galicn, D. L. Zaring: Hagar, N. Tharr; Lake, 

 Cleon Miller: Lincoln, Alex Halliday: New 

 Buffalo, Franklin Gowdy; Niles township, F. 



