pumped into this tank by a one-half horsepower 

 gasoline engine from a well thirty-two feet deep. 

 A neat office and storage room sixteen by thirty- 

 two feet and eight feet high stands near the en- 

 trance to the ground. This building is erected over 

 the well so the engine occupies a. corner of the 

 storage room. A seed room and a dark room for 

 the development of photographs, besides a tool 

 room, occupy the remainder of the floor space. 



European Methods Closely Followed. 



The methods employed in Europe in relation to 

 the arrangement of beds and paths have been 

 quite closely followed. This nursery, when seen 

 in the spring its tine bed plots arranged with 

 mathematical precision, clustered full of seedling 

 trees, their deep, rich green set off 'by the clean 

 dirt paths reminds one of a beautiful carpet of 

 baize, gold and emerald, figured in squares. This 

 makes four first-class nurseries with a combined 

 area of about thirty acres operated by the state, 



will produce about 10,000 seedlings per bed. A 

 box around each bed is constructed by making the 

 framework nine inches in height, covered by wire 

 screen, of three-quarter inch mesh. A shade frame 

 must be constructed for each bed to help equalize 

 the shade and light, and reproduce the effects of 

 natural forest conditions as closely as possible. 

 The beds extend east and west so the angle of 

 sunlight, in its daily course, will strike through 

 the lath shade box giving an equality of moving 

 shadow and sunshine over the entire bed surface. 



Gather Native Trees. 



When possible, we gather our own seed from 

 native trees. The best results have been obtained 

 by using such material, a product of the same 

 soil, light and climatic conditions prevailing where 

 the prospective trees are to be grown. We have 

 not always been successful in collecting seed, cer- 

 tain seasons being almost barren of yield. A white' 

 pine cone needs two years in which to mature. 



Co-operative Experimental Station at Saranac Inn, N. Y. 



the total annual product of which is worth at 

 market prices $10,000. 



Experience has shown that it is better to re- 

 forest with three-year-old transplants than four- 

 year-old. They are handled with greater facility. 

 The rapidity of nursery output is increased just 

 so much, and the tree itself is much more liable to 

 escape injury when being taken from the beds 

 and replanted, because of the smaller development 

 Qf the root. In 1907 an interesting experiment was 

 conducted in relation to the rearing of transplants. 

 A large number of one-year-old seedlings were 

 pulled up and replanted. When these were three 

 years old a comparison was made with those left 

 in the seed beds two years before being trans- 

 planted. The trees transferred when one year 

 old in all cases grew to be the sturdiest and lar- 

 gest. Some attained four times the size of the 

 others, and the root systems showed a development 

 on a still larger scale an important factor in the 

 growth of a tree. 



Seed beds are usually twelve feet 'by four, and 



They must be collected at the right time, as the 

 squirrels and birds are liable to strip the trees of 

 all cones, and the seeds should be neither green 

 nor over-ripe. There are about 29,500 seeds in a 

 bushel of white pine cones, which will weigh, when 

 clean, one pound. The work of preparing sound 

 seed for use must be performed carefully and re- 

 quires the closest attention, especially in the cur- 

 ing process. 



There is an immense amount of work about a 

 tree nursery. The services of a foreman and a 

 hundred hands are required in certain seasons. 

 Transplanting and weeding necessitates consider- 

 able slow, careful labor. Seedlings must be kept 

 in a healthy condition. The delicate trees must 

 be closely observed to prevt-nt what is known as 

 "damping-off." This destructive influence is prob- 

 ably brought about by a too moist and unsterilized 

 soil. The stock must be protected from the in- 

 roads of all fungus, insects and rodents. It must 

 not be permitted to freeze in winter when the 

 snow is too light to cover the tree tops. The soil 



