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disc, closely on the sides, densely confused and granulate near the declivity; 

 the declivity concave, coarsely punctured, hairy, the hairs long about the 

 sides and along the suture; with six teeth on each side arranged as shown 

 (PI. 17, figs. 9, 11). The male has the 3rd tooth stouter, subcapitate and 

 curved downwards at the tip, and a shining median depression on the front 

 of the head behind the median tubercle. There are many variations but 

 apparently there is only one Canadian species. 



Host tree. White Pine. 



Distribution. Eastern Canada and Eastern United States. Usually 

 found in dying .trees and logs; it enters trees green enough to form pitch- 

 tubes, and may be at times a primary enemy. 



Ips grandicollis Eichh.; Berl. Ent. Zeit., 402, 1867 (Tomicus); cacographus 

 Lee., Am. Ent. Soc. Trans., 2: 162, 1868 (Tomicus); pini (Say) Zimm., Am. 

 Ent. Soc. Trans., 2: 147, 1868 (Bostrichus). 



Length, 3 mm. to 3-7 mm.; a slender species with the pronotum one- 

 third longer than wide. Represented in our collections from the southern 

 States and as far north as Massachusetts. A closely allied undescribed 

 species occurs in Montana and another in New Mexico. Represented in 

 Eastern Canada by chagnoni Sw. 



Ips chagnoni Sw.; Can. Ent., 48: 186, 1916. 



Length, 4 mm. to 4-8 mm.; very closely allied to grandicollis Eichh., 

 but larger, stouter, and more coarsely sculptured. 



Host trees. White Spruce, Red Pine, White Pine. 

 Distribution. The provinces of 'Quebec and Ontario southward into 

 New York State. 



Ips confusus Lee.; Am. Phil. Soc. Proc., 15: 362, 364, 1876 (Tomicus) : montanus, 

 Eichh., Borkenk., 219, 1881 (Tomicus) ; Schwarz, Ent. Am., 2: 42 (confusus), 

 1886. 



Length, 4-5 mm. Readily distinguished from the Canadian species 

 by the characters given in the key. There are several allied undescribed 

 species in the Western States, one of which is probably Eichhoff's Tomicus 

 montanus, long considered as a synonym of confusus. Our material is from 

 California and Arizona. 



Ips vancouveri Sw.; Can. Ent., 48: 188, 1916. 



Length, 5 mm. to 5-7 mm.; stouter than confusus Lee., and usually 

 very coarsely sculptured. The face of the declivity is densely rather finely 

 punctured and densely clothed with long slender hairs. Th colour varies 

 from dark red to black; the punctuation of the pronotum and elytral disc 

 varies from coarse to medium. 



Host Trees. Sitka Spruce and Western White Pine. 



Distribution. Vancouver island and the coast region of British Colum- 

 bia; Kaslo, B.C.; southward into the United States. 



Ips emarginatus Lee.; Am. Phil. Soc. Proc., 15: 363, 364, 1876 (Tomicua). 



A large elongate species; length, 6 mm. to 7 mm.; entirely distinct in the 

 Canadian fauna by the arrangement of the declivital teeth; that of the 5th 

 interspace is wide, compressed, strongly produced, and emargmate at the 

 tip so that it bears two distinct cusps; in some specimens a more or less 

 distinct small tooth is developed between the tooth of the 5th interspace 

 and the strongly produced apical margin. The male has the front more 

 coarsely sculptured than the female, with a small epistomal tubercle. 



Host tree. Western Yellow Pine. 



Distribution. Throughout the yellow pine region of southern British 

 Columbia, extending into the western United States. 

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