6 



Gutter boxes. The gutters (6 to 12 inches long) are carried by the 

 guttermen in boxes made with sloping sides and partitioned for the 

 different lengths. 



Placing the gutters. The following precautions should be carefully 

 observed in placing the gutters : 



( 1 ) The gutter must pass into the wood throughout the whole width 

 of the face ; otherwise there will be a leakage of resin behind it. 



(2) The upper and lower gutters must be at least 1 inch apart at 

 their inner ends on the angle of the faces so that there shall be no 

 choking by the accumulated scrape. 



(3) The inner end of the upper gutter should come to the angle at 

 the middle of the faces and project not more than one-quarter of an inch 

 bej r ond it. 



(4) It is absolutely essential to the successful working of the appara- 

 tus that the lower gutter form a spout by extending about Ij inches 

 beyond the angle at the middle of the faces. 



FIG. 3. Showing form of gutter (one-third actual size). 



(5) Both gutters must be pushed deep into the wood at the angle of 

 the faces. 



TOOLS. 



Cornering ax. This ax, common on all turpentine places, is the best 

 tool for cutting the flat faces for the gutters on virgin timber. 



Broadax. Two broadaxes with blades 12 inches wide with straight 

 edges are to be set on short straight handles, one for a right-handed 

 and one for a left-handed man. 



On virgin timber a stock broadax, single-beveled, is used. On boxed 

 timber a double-beveled broadax is preferable. 



Claw hatchet. This is the only tool required by the guttermen. It 

 may be used in driving the gutter in case it sticks in the incisions, and 

 answers also for driving the nails upon which the cups are hung and 

 for the removal of bark, etc., in order to hang the cups properly. 



OPERATING WITH THE EQUIPMENT. 



Chipping. This operation is precisely the same as in boxed timber. 

 The upper gutter is placed about 3 inches below the chipping surface, 

 thus giving abundant space for the passage of the hack. 



Pulling. Here again no change whatever is made in the usual prac- 



