five plots of one acre each as truly representative as 

 possible of the average quality of yellow pine timber. 

 As soon as the timber had been felled the waste be- 

 tween 3 inches and 9 inches was collected, classified 

 and weighed. Much of it was also corded and scaled 

 to determine relations between weight, cord measure 

 and volume. Each stump was measured and its vol- 

 ume and weight computed. Needles from four trees 

 were weighed. 



The main points of accumulation of mill waste 

 are the main refuse conveyor and the main dust con- 

 veyor. Actual determinations by weight of the 

 amounts of waste carried by these conveyors in very 

 large scale operations were made by members of our 

 staff. The results of these determinations in the field 

 and at the mill enable us to state with a very close 

 approximation to the truth the relative proportions 

 of the initial products of the average yellow pine tree. 

 They have perhaps, never been ascertained before 

 within such limits of accuracy or upon so large a scale. 

 The proportions of the several products are as fol- 

 lows: 

 YIELD FROM ENTIRE TREE YIELD FROM LOGS 



Per cent PERCENTAGE OF WHOLE TREE 



Needles and twigs .... 2.25 Red and rotten 1 .45 



ILimbs under 3 in 2.54 Slabs, edgings and trimmings. . 18.07 



Cordwood 6.42 Sawdust and shavings 1 7.62 



Pulpwood 4.54 Shingles 0.06 



Red and rotten 6.60 Lath 1 .39 



Lumber and box shooks 31.97 



TOPS AND CULLS 22.35 



LOGS, as indicated. . . . 70.56 70.56 



STUMPS 6.48 



LIGHTWOOD. . . 0.61 



100.00 



Comprehensive studies were conducted on these 

 wastes for a period of eight months. The different 

 classes of wastes were carefully and repeatedly ana- 

 lyzed and their content of rosin and turpentine de- 

 termined. Papers in great variety were made in our 

 experimental paper mill under direction of Mr. V. E. 

 Nunez, and extractions and distillations on the small 

 commercial scale carried out in our 'Forest Products 

 Department by Dr. L. F. Hawley. The results ob- 

 tained, together with data from actual commercial 

 practice, point incontestably to the following stupen- 

 dous totals: 



Upon an annual cut of 15 billion feet of yellow 

 pine the lumber industry in our southern states now 

 wastes raw materials sufficient for the concurrent daily 

 production of 40,000 tons of paper, 3,000 tons of 

 rosin, 300,000 gallons of turpentine, and 600,000 



(4) 



