In a modification patented by me the process may 

 be diverted as a whole to the production of carbohy- 

 drate cattle feed. In this modification hydrochloric 

 acid is substituted for sulfuric and subsequently re- 

 moved so far as is readily possible by heating or blow- 

 ing air through the mass. The remaining acid is 

 then converted to common salt by the addition of 

 an equivalent amount of sodium carbonate. The 

 juice is extracted and concentrated to the consistency 

 of molasses. 



A major economic problem in the South which is 

 bound up with the utilization of wood waste is that 

 of the agricultural development of the cut over lands. 

 It has been demonstrated that by a steam puller yel- 

 low pine stumps may be pulled for about 33 cents 

 each. In the trials made the stumps averaged 563 

 Ibs. each, which makes the cost of pulling $1.16 per 

 ton. Where logging tram roads are still in place, 

 the stumps can be brought to a central plant for treat- 

 ment at a total cost well within $2.50 per cord. 

 Treated by solvent extraction they should yield per 

 cord about 6 gallons of turpentine, 2*/2 gallons of pine 

 oil and 380 Ibs. of rosin. The extracted chips, as 

 pointed out by Veitch and Merrill, and amply demon- 

 strated in our experimental paper mill, are available 

 for the manufacture of an excellent grade of kraft 

 paper. Strangely enough, and contrary to our first 

 impression, the charred portions common in such 

 stumps are easily removed in the process and leave 

 the paper clean. The chips are of course also avail- 

 able for alcohol production. 



Stumps and the highly resinous wood residues 

 termed lightwood, together with the box slabs from 

 turpentined trees, are directly available for treatment 

 by several processes of distillation. The average 

 green wood with 35 per cent moisture contains about 

 6 per cent rosin but in selected samples of wood the 

 rosin may run higher than 50 per cent. No large 

 quantities are usually to be had, however, containing 

 more than 30 per cent. The composition of the rosin 

 itself is variable but in green wood it runs about 80 

 per cent rosin and 20 per cent volatile oils; about 80 

 per cent of the latter are turpentine and the balance 

 pine oil. 



Destructive distillation is carried on in retorts 

 operated commonly without temperature control. 

 Average yields under these conditions are: 



