EXPERIMENTS WITH JACK PINE AND HEMLOCK FOR 

 MECHANICAL PULP. 



NEED OF A SUBSTITUTE FOB SPRUCE PULPWOOD. 



Few well-ost nl >lis] iod industries have expanded as rapidly as has the 

 pulp and paper industry. In less than a decade the amount of raw 

 material used annually has more than doubled. During 1900 1 

 there were consumed in the United States 1,986,310 cords of pulp- 

 wood. The ground-wood process used 598,229 cords of domestic 

 spruce, 120,820 cords of imported spruce, and 67,791 cords of other 

 woods, such as hemlock, jack pine, poplar, and balsam, or a total of 

 786,840 cords. During 1909 2 the amount of wood used in all proc- 

 esses was 4,001,607 cords, the ground-wood process using a total of 

 1,246,121 cords, which consisted of 806,282 cords of domestic spruce, 

 317,289 cords of imported spruce, and 122,550 cords of other miscel- 

 laneous woods. 



Thus the increase in the total amount of pulpwood used during this 

 period was 101 per cent, while the amount of pulpwood of all kinds 

 used for ground wood increased 58J per cent. The domestic spruce 

 consumption for this purpose increased 35 per cent and the con- 

 sumption of miscellaneous woods 80.5 per cent. But the largest 

 increase was in the use of imported spruce, the consumption of which 

 increased 162 per cent. 



The price of spruce has increased at a very rapid rate. In 1900 the 

 average cost of spruce used in all processes in the United States was 

 $4.83 per cord for domestic spruce and $6.50 for imported, while in 

 1909 the average price of domestic spruce was $9.32 and of imported 

 $11.34 per cord. 



This increase has been reflected in the cost of ground-wood pulp. 

 The manufacturing cost of pulp, as determined by the Tariff Board, 3 

 increased from $10.84 per ton in 1900 to $16.58 in 1909, 93 per cent of 

 this increase being accounted for by the greater cost of the wood used. 

 Manifestly, therefore, it is almost essential, if the ground-wood 



Twelfth Census of the United States. 

 s " Pulpwood consumption, 1909," Bureau of the Census. 



a Report l>y the Tariff Board relative to pulp and news print paper industry, Senate Document No. 31, 

 Sixty-second Congress, first session. 



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