32 



WOOD TURPENTINES. 



The other parts of the apparatus were of standard design and 

 require no special explanation. 



GENERAL ARRANGEMENT AND OPERATION OF APPARATUS. 



A diagram of the general arrangement of the apparatus is given 

 in figure 20. The fractionating column A is divided into the two 

 separate columns Aj and A 2 at the place marked by the heavy line. 

 A and A 2 are made up of the different kinds of sections already 

 described, as follows: A x from the bottom upward, 1 steam chamber 



15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 



GALLONS PEE HOUE 



FIG. 19. Calibration curve for crude turpentine speed indicator. 



section, 5 boiling-cap sections, 2 reflux-condenser sections, and 1 out- 

 let section. A 2 is similarly made up of 1 steam chamber section, 13 

 boiling-cap sections, 3 reflux-condenser sections, and 1 outlet section. 

 The tank for crude oil F is connected through the pump G with the 

 reservoir D; the overflow pipe from D, through valve 9, furnishes 

 an air outlet for D while it is being filled and serves the purpose also 

 of notifying when D is full; the return pipe through valve 10 also 

 makes it possible to draw out any material from D directly into the 

 tank F. The reservoir D is simply a 110-gallon steel drum, arranged 

 on the principle of a Mariotte's bottle in order to keep the flow of 



