ANALYSIS, REFINING, AND COMPOSITION. 



HKARTS. 



37 



The analysis of the hearts is shown in figure 24; there is appar- 

 ently no material in the hearts with boiling points below 158 C., and 

 the color and odor of the first fractions were not markedly different 

 from those of the next few fractions; that is, the separation of the 

 heads from the hearts was complete. This separation of the low 

 boiling constituents improved both the color and odor of the re- 

 fined turpentine, making it almost colorless and leaving only a 

 faint trace of the " destructive distillation " odor. There was a 

 small amount, about G per cent, of heavy material in the hearts, 

 showing an insomplete separation from the tails. 



TAILS. 



The tails were analyzed (fig. 25) 

 only to determine how good a separa- 

 tion was obtained between the tails 

 and the hearts. All the properties of 

 the first fraction (9 per cent) of the 

 tails were higher than any fraction of 

 the hearts, except, of course, the resi- 

 due. But since the composition of the 

 distillate was changing rapidly at this 

 point (the curves all slanting decid- 

 edly), it is probable that . a small 

 amount of this first fraction was com- 

 posed of material with properties the 

 same as some portion of the hearts; 

 perhaps 3 to 4 per cent of the tails was 

 composed of materials which should 

 have been in the hearts. 



8 40 



REFINING OF CRUDE TURPENTINE 

 NO. 2. 



175 180 185 190 155 200 2O5" 

 O .88 9 .90 .91 .92 .93 .94 

 O \ASO W2 I.4&1 I486 1.488 1490 1.492 



FIG. 25. Boiling point, specific; 

 gravity, and index of refraction 

 curves for " tails " obtained in 

 refining of crude turpentine No. 1. 



Crude turpentine No. 2 was pro- 

 duced at a plant using " lightwood " as 

 a raw material. The process of dis- 

 tillation was the steam process and was different from the usual 

 steam process only in the size of the chips, which were smaller, and 

 in the greater steam pressure used, which was about 50 pounds. 



ANALYSIS. 



The analysis of this crude is shown in figure 26. There were no 

 evidences in this crude of low boiling material similar to that in 



