40 



WOOD TURPENTINES. 



TAILS. 



The tails, however, contain a small amount of material which 

 might have been included in the hearts. The properties of the first 

 fraction of the tails (7 per cent) are higher than any portion of the 

 hearts except the residue, but the difficulty of completely separating 

 in one distillation a small amount of turpentine material, from a 

 large proportion of higher boiling material like the " pine oil," and 

 the fact that the properties of the distillate were changing rapidly 



when this fraction was taken both in- 

 dicate that there was a considerable 

 proportion of turpentine material pres- 

 ent in this first fraction of the tails. 

 Perhaps 5 per cent of these tails was 

 composed of turpentine materials. This 

 is, however, a fairly satisfactory sepa- 

 ration, since only 5 per cent of 32 per 

 cent, or 1.6 per cent of the original 

 crude, was not properly separated. 



L 



.EG! IQ 



REFINING OF 



CRUDE TURPENTINE 

 NO. 3. 



145 150 155 160 165 I7O" 175 I8O 

 O .85 J66 Tl JB8 9 SO 9\ SZ 

 1468 1/310 1412 U14-I416 1418 IASO 



Crude turpentine No. 3 was obtained 

 from a destructive distillation plant 

 using " lightwood " as a raw material ; 

 the distillation process is very similar 

 to that employed by the hardwood retort 

 plants in the North, the horizontal 

 cylindrical retorts holding about one 

 cord of wood and the complete distilla- 

 tion taking only 24 hours. The total 



FIG. 30. Boiling point, specific -.... ~ , -, ,, n 



gravity, and index of refraction distillate is condensed and collected 

 curves for crude turpentine NO. 3, together and the pvroligneous acid 



untreated. ,, , ., , .... 



removed from the crude oil by settling. 



The crude oil thus obtained is distilled with steam until nearly all 

 the volatile oil is removed. The crude turpentine used in the refin- 

 ing experiments was a sample of the distillate obtained from this 

 crude oil. 



ANALYSIS AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT. 



The analysis of the crude is shown in figure 30. It can be seen 

 from the curves that this crude is a very complex mixture, since 

 none of the properties remain at all constant over any considerable 



