ANALYSIS, REFINING, AND COMPOSITION. 



43 



between the heads and hearts was largely due to the variation in the 

 speed of the heads; this speed varied from 3.1 to 2.3 gallons per 

 hour, and while the heads were running at 3.1 gallons per hour, 

 some hearts material would be distilled over with the heads; when 

 the speed dropped to 2.3 gallons per 

 hour some heads material would es- 

 cape in the returns from column A t 

 to column A 2 and thus get into the 

 hearts. The hearts also contained prob- 

 ably more heavy material with boiling 

 points above 180 C. than is desirable 

 in a well-refined turpentine. 



S" 



JU40 



iFf Gt 



-et 



? ST SIS' 5T Sf 



Q L4BO L485* L4S4 L4> L4S8 



TAILS. 



The tails (fig. 34) contain about 5 to 

 6 per cent of hearts material showing 

 an incomplete separation of hearts 

 from tails. 

 REFINING OF CRUDE TURPENTINE 



NO. 4. 



The turpentine plant from which 

 crude turpentine No. 4 was obtained 

 is operated in connection with a saw- 

 mill cutting longleaf pine almost ex- 

 clusively. The raw material for the 



d i -11 . 



istillahon consists of the sawdust Plo S4 ._ Bolltag potat , speciflc 



together with the Waste slabs, edgings, gravity, and index of refraction 



and trimmings, the large-sized mate- 



terial being "hogged" or made into 



chips before it is conveyed to the turpentine plant. The steam 



distillation process is used, the maximum pressure in the retorts 



being 10 pounds. 



ANALYSIS. 



The analysis of this crude turpentine is given in figure 35. This 

 crude is of simple composition in comparison with Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 

 being composed of about 84 per cent of turpentine and 16 per cent 

 pine oil, with no evidences of the presence of any dipentene, or of 

 any heads, except that the odor of the first fraction was somewhat 

 different from that of the next few fractions. 



It was desired to obtain one refined steam distilled turpentine con- 

 taining comparatively large amounts of pine oil in order that the 

 technical properties of two turpentines similar in composition, except 



