46 



WOOD TUEPENTINES. 



this investigation, and that of the ordinary pot still commonly used 

 in commercial practice, samples of the turpentine and pine oil, re- 

 fined at the plant where this crude turpentine was produced, were 

 obtained and analyzed. The samples were both from the same charge 

 of crude and were refined by a single distillation with steam. The 

 turpentine' (fig. 39) is seen to contain about 12 per cent of heavy oils, 

 while the pine oil (fig. 40) contains about 30 per cent of turpentine, 

 showing that a very incomplete separation was obtained. 



7 



I 160" 165 170 175 180 185 190 195* 

 O .86 .87 .88 .89 .90 .91 .92, .93 

 O U68 1470 L472 L474 U76 UTS U80 



FIG. 39. Boiling point, specific 

 gravity, and index of refraction 

 curves for a commercial wood 

 turpentine (crude No. 4) refined 

 in an ordinary pot still. 



'. 160 165 170* 175 180 165 190 195 

 O f> AT .68 .89 .90 .91 .92 33 

 O L468. 1.470 U72 U74 1.476 1.478 I.48O 



FIG. 40. Boiling point, specific 

 gravity, .and index of refraction 

 curves for commercial pine oil re- 

 fined in an ordinary pot still. 



REFINING OF CRUDE TURPENTINE NO. 5. 



Crude turpentine No. 5 was produced from " lightwood " by means 

 of the bath process of distillation. The " lightwood " in cordwood 

 form is loaded on cars and these are run into large horizontal cylin- 

 drical retorts; then the hot bath material, pine-tar pitch, is circu- 

 lated through the retort, the " extractor " and the furnaces in the 

 order given. In the furnaces the temperature of the bath material 

 is kept up to a maximum of 195 C. Live steam is blown through 

 the bath in the extractor to remove the volatile oils which are carried 

 by the bath from the retort. These volatile oils constitute the crude 

 turpentine used in the refining experiments, 



