ANALYSIS, BEFINING, AND COMPOSITION. 



49 



REFINING ON A COMMERCIAL SCALE. 



The refinings of the five crude turpentines were intended not only 

 as experiments in refining, but also as studies of the composition of 

 ' crude wood turpentines and the products obtainable from them. 

 Especially, they proved to be a means of obtaining samples of wood 

 turpentine with known compositions and methods of production, so 

 that these samples might be used in comparative tests to determine the 

 industrial value of wood turpentines 

 of different composition. There was 

 no aim to secure ideal conditions for 

 the different distillations; throughout 

 the experiments the arrangement of the 

 still was not changed, and only in two 

 cases were the distillations repeated in 

 order to secure more accurate results. 

 Hence, it must not be thought that, in 

 all cases, the best results were obtained, 

 or that the column was most suitably 

 arranged. The composition of crude 

 turpentines 2, 4, and 5, for instance, 

 was such that it was not necessary 

 to separate the constituents with boil- 

 ing points below those of refined tur- 

 pentine; instead, it would have been 

 preferable to produce a refined turpen- 

 tine and a refined pine oil, but the ar- 

 rangement of the column was not 

 suited to the production of these, and 

 in no case was a refined pine oil pro- 

 duced. 



However, in another piece of work 

 under conditions more nearly com- 

 mercial, the column was arranged 

 for the production of a refined pine oil as well as a turpentine. 



FIELD WORK ON A CRUDE TURPENTINE. 



In this case the still was set up at the plant where crude turpen- 

 tine No. 5 was produced. The arrangement of the still was similar 

 to that in the experimental work, except that the crude reservoir 

 was modified for continuous long runs, and the grouping of the 

 sections was changed so that the upper column, A 1? contained 13 

 boiling cap sections and 3 reflux condenser sections, while the lower 

 column, A 2 , contained only 5 boiling cap sections and 2 reflux con- 

 denser sections. The refined turpentine was distilled from A, and 



O 160 165 170 175" 

 .86 7 .88 .89 



.90 .91 



FIG. 45. Boiling point and specific 

 gravity curves for turpentine ob- 

 tained in commercial refining of 

 crude turpentine No. 5. 



